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philosophiae N F

  • 1 philosophiae

    phĭlŏsŏphĭa, ae, f., = philosophia, philosophy.
    I.
    Lit.:

    nec quicquam aliud est philosophia, si interpretari velis, quam studium sapientiae,

    Cic. Off. 2, 2, 5:

    omnia quae in philosophiā tractantur,

    id. Tusc. 5, 1, 1; id. Ac. 1, 2, 4:

    ars est enim philosophia vitae,

    id. Fin. 3, 1, 2; id. de Or 1, 15, 67; Sen. Ep. 89, 2 et saep.:

    videte ne quis vos decipiat per philosophiam,

    Vulg. Col. 2, 8.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    A philosophical subject or question:

    circulus, in quo de philosophiā sermo habetur,

    Nep. Epam. 3, 3.—
    B.
    In plur.: phĭlŏsŏphĭae, ārum, f., philosophical systems or sects:

    exercitatio propria duarum philosophiarum (i. e. Academicorum et Peripateticorum),

    Cic. de Or. 3, 27, 107; Gell. 4, 1, 13; 5, 3, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > philosophiae

  • 2 moralis

    mōrālis, e, adj. [mores], of or belonging to manners or morals, moral (a word formed by Cicero; cf. moratus): quia pertinet ad mores, quos êthê Graeci vocant, nos eam partem philosophiae de moribus appellare solemus. Sed decet augentem linguam Latinam nominare moralem, Cic. Fat. 1, 1;

    imitated by Seneca and Quintil.: philosophiae tres partes esse dixerunt, moralem, naturalem, et rationalem,

    Sen. Ep. 89, 9; Quint. 12, 2, 10: pars illa philosophiae êthikê moralis est dicta, id. 6, 2, 8; cf.

    also,

    id. 12, 2, 19 and 20:

    epistolae,

    Gell. 12, 2, 3. —Hence, adv.: mōrālĭter, in a characteristic manner, characteristically, Don. ad Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 35; Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 2.—Esp., morally, Ambros. Apol. David. 6.— Comp.:

    moralius,

    Ambros. in Psa. 118, Serm. 1, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > moralis

  • 3 nosco

    nosco, nōvi, nōtum, 3 (old form, GNOSCO, GNOVI, GNOTVM, acc. to Prisc. p. 569 P.; inf. pass. GNOSCIER, S. C. de Bacch.; cf. GNOTV, cognitu, Paul. ex Fest. p. 96 Müll.: GNOT (contr. for gnovit) oiden, epiginôskei; GNOTV, gnôsin, diagnôsin, Gloss. Labb.—Contr. forms in class. Lat. are nosti, noram, norim. nosse; nomus for novimus: nomus ambo Ulixem, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 382 P., or Trag. v. 199 Vahl.), v. a. [for gnosco, from the root gno; Gr. gignôskô, to begin to know], to get a knowledge of, become acquainted with, come to know a thing (syn.: scio, calleo).
    I.
    Lit.
    1. (α).
    Tempp. praes.:

    cum igitur, nosce te, dicit, hoc dicit, nosce animum tuum,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 52: Me. Sauream non novi. Li. At nosce sane, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 58; cf.: Ch. Nosce signum. Ni. Novi, id. Bacch. 4, 6, 19; id. Poen. 4, 2, 71:

    (Juppiter) nos per gentes alium alia disparat, Hominum qui facta, mores, pietatem et fidem noscamus,

    id. Rud. prol. 12; id. Stich. 1, 1, 4:

    id esse verum, cuivis facile est noscere,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 8:

    ut noscere possis quidque,

    Lucr. 1, 190; 2, 832; 3, 124; 418; 588; Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64: deus ille, quem mente noscimus, id. N. D. 1, 14, 37.— Pass.:

    EAM (tabulam) FIGIER IOVBEATIS, VBEI FACILVMED GNOSCIER POTISIT, S. C. de Bacch.: forma in tenebris nosci non quita est, Ter Hec. 4, 1, 57 sq.: omnes philosophiae partes tum facile noscuntur, cum, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 4, 9: philosophiae praecepta noscenda, id. Fragm. ap. Lact. 3, 14:

    nullique videnda, Voce tamen noscar,

    Ov. M. 14, 153:

    nec noscitur ulli,

    by any one, id. Tr. 1, 5, 29:

    noscere provinciam, nosci exercitui,

    by the army, Tac. Agr. 5.—
    (β).
    Temppperf., to have become acquainted with, to have learned, to know:

    si me novisti minus,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 47:

    Cylindrus ego sum, non nosti nomen meum?

    id. Men. 2, 2, 20:

    novi rem omnem,

    Ter. And. 4, 4, 50:

    qui non leges, non instituta... non jura noritis,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30:

    plerique neque in rebus humanis quidquam bonum norunt, nisi, etc.,

    id. Lael. 21, 79:

    quam (virtutem) tu ne de facie quidem nosti,

    id. Pis. 32, 81; id. Fin. 2, 22, 71:

    si ego hos bene novi,

    if I know them well, id. Rosc. Am. 20 fin.: si Caesarem bene novi, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B, 2:

    Lepidum pulchre noram,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 1:

    si tuos digitos novi,

    id. Att. 5, 21, 13:

    res gestas de libris novisse,

    to have learned from books, Lact. 5, 19, 15:

    nosse Graece, etc. (late Lat. for scire),

    Aug. Serm. 45, 5; 167, 40 al.:

    ut ibi esses, ubi nec Pelopidarum—nosti cetera,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 28, 2; Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 11.—
    2.
    To examine, consider:

    ad res suas noscendas,

    Liv. 10, 20:

    imaginem,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 29.—So esp., to take cognizance of as a judge:

    quae olim a praetoribus noscebantur,

    Tac. A. 12, 60.—
    II.
    Transf., in the tempp. praes.
    A.
    In gen., to know, recognize (rare; perh. not in Cic.): hau nosco tuom, I know your ( character, etc.), i. e. I know you no longer, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 44:

    nosce imaginem,

    id. Ps. 4, 2, 29; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 19:

    potesne ex his ut proprium quid noscere?

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 89; Tac. H. 1, 90.—
    B.
    In partic., to acknowledge, allow, admit of a reason or an excuse (in Cic.):

    numquam amatoris meretricem oportet causam noscere, Quin, etc.,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 18:

    illam partem excusationis... nec nosco, nec probo,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 1; cf.:

    quod te excusas: ego vero et tuas causas nosco, et, etc.,

    id. Att. 11, 7, 4:

    atque vereor, ne istam causam nemo noscat,

    id. Leg. 1, 4, 11.—
    III.
    Transf. in tempp. perf.
    A.
    To be acquainted with, i. e. to practise, possess:

    alia vitia non nosse,

    Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. § 9.—
    B.
    In mal. part., to know (in paronomasia), Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 51.—
    IV.
    (Eccl. Lat.) Of religious knowledge:

    non noverant Dominum,

    Vulg. Judic. 2, 12; ib. 2 Thess. 1, 8:

    Jesum novi, Paulum scio,

    I acknowledge, ib. Act. 19, 15.—Hence, nōtus, a, um, P. a., known.
    A.
    Lit.:

    nisi rem tam notam esse omnibus et tam manifestam videres,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, 134:

    ejusmodi res ita notas, ita testatas, ita manifestas proferam,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 34, §

    85: fingi haec putatis, quae patent, quae nota sunt omnibus, quae tenentur?

    id. Mil. 28, 76:

    noti atque insignes latrones,

    id. Phil. 11, 5, 10:

    habere omnes philosophiae notos et tractatos locos,

    id. Or. 33, 118:

    facere aliquid alicui notum,

    id. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

    tua nobilitas hominibus litteratis est notior, populo obscurior,

    id. Mur. 7, 16:

    nullus fuit civis Romanus paulo notior, quin, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 19:

    vita P. Sullae vobis populoque Romano notissima,

    Cic. Sull. 26, 72:

    nulli nota domus sua,

    Juv. 1, 7.—
    (β).
    With gen. ( poet.):

    notus in fratres animi paterni,

    Hor. C. 2, 2, 6: noti operum Telchines. Stat. Th. 2, 274:

    notusque fugarum, Vertit terga,

    Sil. 17, 148.—
    (γ).
    With subj.-clause:

    notum est, cur, etc.,

    Juv. 2, 58.—
    (δ).
    With inf. ( poet.):

    Delius, Trojanos notus semper minuisse labores,

    Sil. 12, 331.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    Subst.: nōti, acquaintances, friends:

    de dignitate M. Caelius notis ac majoribus natu... respondet,

    Cic. Cael. 2, 3:

    hi suos notos hospitesque quaerebant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 74, 5; Hor. S. 1, 1, 85; Verg. Cir. 259.—
    b.
    In a bad sense, notorious:

    notissimi latronum duces,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 14, 1:

    integrae Temptator Orion Dianae,

    Hor. C. 3, 4, 70; Ov. M. 1, 198:

    Clodia, mulier non solum nobilis sed etiam nota,

    Cic. Cael. 13, 31; cf. id. Verr. 1, 6, 15:

    moechorum notissimus,

    Juv. 6, 42.—
    B.
    Transf., act., knowing, that knows: novi, [p. 1217] notis praedicas, to those that know, Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 39.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nosco

  • 4 noti

    nosco, nōvi, nōtum, 3 (old form, GNOSCO, GNOVI, GNOTVM, acc. to Prisc. p. 569 P.; inf. pass. GNOSCIER, S. C. de Bacch.; cf. GNOTV, cognitu, Paul. ex Fest. p. 96 Müll.: GNOT (contr. for gnovit) oiden, epiginôskei; GNOTV, gnôsin, diagnôsin, Gloss. Labb.—Contr. forms in class. Lat. are nosti, noram, norim. nosse; nomus for novimus: nomus ambo Ulixem, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 382 P., or Trag. v. 199 Vahl.), v. a. [for gnosco, from the root gno; Gr. gignôskô, to begin to know], to get a knowledge of, become acquainted with, come to know a thing (syn.: scio, calleo).
    I.
    Lit.
    1. (α).
    Tempp. praes.:

    cum igitur, nosce te, dicit, hoc dicit, nosce animum tuum,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 52: Me. Sauream non novi. Li. At nosce sane, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 58; cf.: Ch. Nosce signum. Ni. Novi, id. Bacch. 4, 6, 19; id. Poen. 4, 2, 71:

    (Juppiter) nos per gentes alium alia disparat, Hominum qui facta, mores, pietatem et fidem noscamus,

    id. Rud. prol. 12; id. Stich. 1, 1, 4:

    id esse verum, cuivis facile est noscere,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 8:

    ut noscere possis quidque,

    Lucr. 1, 190; 2, 832; 3, 124; 418; 588; Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64: deus ille, quem mente noscimus, id. N. D. 1, 14, 37.— Pass.:

    EAM (tabulam) FIGIER IOVBEATIS, VBEI FACILVMED GNOSCIER POTISIT, S. C. de Bacch.: forma in tenebris nosci non quita est, Ter Hec. 4, 1, 57 sq.: omnes philosophiae partes tum facile noscuntur, cum, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 4, 9: philosophiae praecepta noscenda, id. Fragm. ap. Lact. 3, 14:

    nullique videnda, Voce tamen noscar,

    Ov. M. 14, 153:

    nec noscitur ulli,

    by any one, id. Tr. 1, 5, 29:

    noscere provinciam, nosci exercitui,

    by the army, Tac. Agr. 5.—
    (β).
    Temppperf., to have become acquainted with, to have learned, to know:

    si me novisti minus,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 47:

    Cylindrus ego sum, non nosti nomen meum?

    id. Men. 2, 2, 20:

    novi rem omnem,

    Ter. And. 4, 4, 50:

    qui non leges, non instituta... non jura noritis,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30:

    plerique neque in rebus humanis quidquam bonum norunt, nisi, etc.,

    id. Lael. 21, 79:

    quam (virtutem) tu ne de facie quidem nosti,

    id. Pis. 32, 81; id. Fin. 2, 22, 71:

    si ego hos bene novi,

    if I know them well, id. Rosc. Am. 20 fin.: si Caesarem bene novi, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B, 2:

    Lepidum pulchre noram,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 1:

    si tuos digitos novi,

    id. Att. 5, 21, 13:

    res gestas de libris novisse,

    to have learned from books, Lact. 5, 19, 15:

    nosse Graece, etc. (late Lat. for scire),

    Aug. Serm. 45, 5; 167, 40 al.:

    ut ibi esses, ubi nec Pelopidarum—nosti cetera,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 28, 2; Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 11.—
    2.
    To examine, consider:

    ad res suas noscendas,

    Liv. 10, 20:

    imaginem,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 29.—So esp., to take cognizance of as a judge:

    quae olim a praetoribus noscebantur,

    Tac. A. 12, 60.—
    II.
    Transf., in the tempp. praes.
    A.
    In gen., to know, recognize (rare; perh. not in Cic.): hau nosco tuom, I know your ( character, etc.), i. e. I know you no longer, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 44:

    nosce imaginem,

    id. Ps. 4, 2, 29; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 19:

    potesne ex his ut proprium quid noscere?

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 89; Tac. H. 1, 90.—
    B.
    In partic., to acknowledge, allow, admit of a reason or an excuse (in Cic.):

    numquam amatoris meretricem oportet causam noscere, Quin, etc.,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 18:

    illam partem excusationis... nec nosco, nec probo,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 1; cf.:

    quod te excusas: ego vero et tuas causas nosco, et, etc.,

    id. Att. 11, 7, 4:

    atque vereor, ne istam causam nemo noscat,

    id. Leg. 1, 4, 11.—
    III.
    Transf. in tempp. perf.
    A.
    To be acquainted with, i. e. to practise, possess:

    alia vitia non nosse,

    Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. § 9.—
    B.
    In mal. part., to know (in paronomasia), Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 51.—
    IV.
    (Eccl. Lat.) Of religious knowledge:

    non noverant Dominum,

    Vulg. Judic. 2, 12; ib. 2 Thess. 1, 8:

    Jesum novi, Paulum scio,

    I acknowledge, ib. Act. 19, 15.—Hence, nōtus, a, um, P. a., known.
    A.
    Lit.:

    nisi rem tam notam esse omnibus et tam manifestam videres,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, 134:

    ejusmodi res ita notas, ita testatas, ita manifestas proferam,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 34, §

    85: fingi haec putatis, quae patent, quae nota sunt omnibus, quae tenentur?

    id. Mil. 28, 76:

    noti atque insignes latrones,

    id. Phil. 11, 5, 10:

    habere omnes philosophiae notos et tractatos locos,

    id. Or. 33, 118:

    facere aliquid alicui notum,

    id. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

    tua nobilitas hominibus litteratis est notior, populo obscurior,

    id. Mur. 7, 16:

    nullus fuit civis Romanus paulo notior, quin, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 19:

    vita P. Sullae vobis populoque Romano notissima,

    Cic. Sull. 26, 72:

    nulli nota domus sua,

    Juv. 1, 7.—
    (β).
    With gen. ( poet.):

    notus in fratres animi paterni,

    Hor. C. 2, 2, 6: noti operum Telchines. Stat. Th. 2, 274:

    notusque fugarum, Vertit terga,

    Sil. 17, 148.—
    (γ).
    With subj.-clause:

    notum est, cur, etc.,

    Juv. 2, 58.—
    (δ).
    With inf. ( poet.):

    Delius, Trojanos notus semper minuisse labores,

    Sil. 12, 331.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    Subst.: nōti, acquaintances, friends:

    de dignitate M. Caelius notis ac majoribus natu... respondet,

    Cic. Cael. 2, 3:

    hi suos notos hospitesque quaerebant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 74, 5; Hor. S. 1, 1, 85; Verg. Cir. 259.—
    b.
    In a bad sense, notorious:

    notissimi latronum duces,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 14, 1:

    integrae Temptator Orion Dianae,

    Hor. C. 3, 4, 70; Ov. M. 1, 198:

    Clodia, mulier non solum nobilis sed etiam nota,

    Cic. Cael. 13, 31; cf. id. Verr. 1, 6, 15:

    moechorum notissimus,

    Juv. 6, 42.—
    B.
    Transf., act., knowing, that knows: novi, [p. 1217] notis praedicas, to those that know, Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 39.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > noti

  • 5 philosophia

        philosophia ae, f, φιλοσοφία, philosophy: ars est enim philosophia vitae: circulus, in quo ae philosophiā sermo habetur, on philosophical subjects, N.: duae philosophiae, philosophical sects
    * * *
    philosophy, love of wisdom

    Latin-English dictionary > philosophia

  • 6 vacō

        vacō āvī, ātus, āre,    to be empty, be void, be vacant, be without, not to contain: villa ita completa militibus est, ut vix triclinium... vacaret: maximam putant esse laudem, quam latissime vacare agros, to be uninhabited, Cs.: ostia septem Pulverulenta vacant, septem sine flumine valles, O.: Ora vacent epulis, i. e. abstain from, O.: haec a custodiis classium loca maxime vacabant, Cs.— To be unoccupied, be vacant, be ownerless: cum agri Ligustini... aliquantum vacaret, L.: Piso si adesset, nullius philosophiae vacaret locus, i. e. no system would be without a representative.—Fig., to be vacant, be free, be without, be unoccupied: nulla vitae pars vacare officio potest: amplitudo animi pulchrior, si vacet populo, remains aloof from: res p. et milite illic et pecuniā vacet, be relieved from furnishing, L.: nullum tempus illi umquam vacabat a scribendo: a publico officio et munere: ab opere (milites), Cs.—To be free from labor, be idle, be at leisure, have leisure, have time: quamvis occupatus sis... aut, si ne tu quidem vacas, etc.: Dum perago tecum pauca vaca, i. e. attend, O.: philosophiae, Quinte, semper vaco, have time for: In grande opus, O.: teneri properentur amores, Dum vacat, i. e. in idle hours, O.: si vacat, Iu.: si vacet annalīs nostrorum audire laborum, if there is time, V.: Hactenus indulsisse vacat, i. e. it is permitted, V.: Non vacat exiguis rebus adesse Iovi, Jupiter has no leisure for trifles, O.
    * * *
    vacare, vacavi, vacatus V
    be empty; be vacant; be idle; be free from, be unoccupied

    Latin-English dictionary > vacō

  • 7 bellum

    bellum (ante-class. and poet. duel-lum), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.
    I.
    Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:

    bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,

    Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):

    legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

    quae domi duellique male fecisti,

    id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:

    quique agent rem duelli,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:

    aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,

    id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):

    puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,

    Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,

    quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,

    id. 22, 10, 2:

    victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,

    id. 23, 11, 2:

    si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,

    id. 36, 2, 2;

    and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,

    id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:

    hic... Pacem duello miscuit,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:

    cadum Marsi memorem duelli,

    id. ib. 3, 14, 18:

    vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,

    id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]
    II.
    Form bellum.
    A.
    War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).
    1.
    Specifying the enemy.
    a.
    By adjj. denoting the nation:

    omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

    aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,

    id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:

    Britannicum bellum,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

    Gallicum,

    id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

    Germanicum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

    Sabinum,

    Liv. 1, 26, 4:

    Parthicum,

    Vell. 2, 46, 2;

    similarly: bellum piraticum,

    the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:

    Sertorianum bellum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    Mithridaticum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

    Jugurthinum,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;

    similarly: bellum regium,

    the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:

    bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    Asiaticum,

    id. ib. 22, 64:

    Africum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:

    Actiacum,

    Vell. 2, 86, 3:

    Hispaniense,

    id. 2, 55, 2.—
    b.
    With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    Venetorum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16:

    Helvetiorum,

    id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;

    1, 30: Ambiorigis,

    id. ib. 6, 29, 4:

    Pyrrhi, Philippi,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:

    Samnitium,

    Liv. 7, 29, 2.—
    c.
    With cum and abl. of the name.
    (α).
    Attributively:

    cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    belli causa cum Samnitibus,

    Liv. 7, 29, 3:

    hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,

    id. 33, 35, 12:

    novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,

    id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—
    (β).
    With cum dependent on the verb:

    quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:

    novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,

    Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—
    d.
    With adversus and acc. of the name.
    (α).
    Attributively:

    bellum adversus Philippum,

    Liv. 31, 1, 8:

    bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,

    id. 8, 29, 6.—
    (β).
    With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:

    ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,

    id. 45, 11, 8:

    bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,

    Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
    e.
    With contra and acc.:

    cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    causam belli contra patriam inferendi,

    id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—
    f.
    With in and acc. (very rare):

    Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,

    Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—
    g.
    With inter and acc.:

    hic finis belli inter Romanos ac Persea fuit,

    Liv. 45, 9, 2.—
    h.
    With apud and acc.:

    secutum est bellum gestum apud Mutinam,

    Nep. Att. 9, 1.—
    k.
    With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—
    2.
    With verbs.
    a.
    Referring to the beginning of the war.
    (α).
    Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:

    summa erat observatio in bello movendo,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:

    bellum commotum a Scapula,

    id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:

    nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,

    Sall. C. 30, 2:

    is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,

    Liv. 1, 53, 2:

    insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,

    id. 4, 58, 6:

    dii pium movere bellum,

    id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,

    concitare,

    Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—
    (β).
    Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:

    cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,

    Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:

    bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,

    Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,

    parare alicui,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:

    bellum terra et mari comparat,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:

    tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:

    bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,

    Liv. 4, 55, 7:

    numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—
    (γ).
    Bellum differre, to postpone a war:

    nec jam poterat bellum differri,

    Liv. 2, 30, 7:

    mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,

    id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—
    (δ).
    Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):

    omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,

    id. ib. 20, 5:

    de integro bellum sumit,

    id. ib. 62, 9:

    iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,

    Liv. 38, 19, 3:

    sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,

    Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—
    (ε).
    Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:

    bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:

    suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 11, 35:

    judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,

    join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):

    cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,

    undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:

    senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,

    id. 6, 9, 5:

    bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,

    Vell. 2, 3, 3.—
    (ζ).
    Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):

    consensit et senatus bellum,

    Liv. 8, 6, 8:

    bellum erat consensum,

    id. 1, 32, 12.—
    (η).
    Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:

    sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,

    id. ib.:

    cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?

    id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:

    Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,

    Liv. 5, 26, 3:

    Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,

    id. 6, 22, 6:

    Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,

    id. 7, 23, 2:

    quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:

    cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,

    id. ib. 16, 49:

    hunc toti bello praefecerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:

    alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

    bellum administrandum permittere,

    id. ib. 21, 61.—
    (θ).
    Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:

    ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,

    Liv. 1, 32, 13:

    Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,

    id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:

    bellum indici posse existimabat,

    Liv. 1, 22, 4:

    ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,

    id. 1, 22, 6:

    ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,

    id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—
    (κ).
    Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:

    Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,

    Cic. Pis. 34, 84:

    ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

    qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:

    bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

    bellum patriae faciet,

    id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:

    civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;

    3, 29: constituit bellum facere,

    Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:

    occupant bellum facere,

    they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:

    ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,

    id. 1, 32, 13:

    populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,

    id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:

    urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—
    (λ).
    Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:

    subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

    aliud multo propius bellum ortum,

    Liv. 1, 14, 4:

    Veiens bellum exortum,

    id. 2, 53, 1.—

    bellum

    (ante-class. and poet.

    duel-lum

    ), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.
    I.
    Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:

    bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,

    Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):

    legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

    quae domi duellique male fecisti,

    id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:

    quique agent rem duelli,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:

    aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,

    id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):

    puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,

    Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,

    quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,

    id. 22, 10, 2:

    victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,

    id. 23, 11, 2:

    si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,

    id. 36, 2, 2;

    and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,

    id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:

    hic... Pacem duello miscuit,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:

    cadum Marsi memorem duelli,

    id. ib. 3, 14, 18:

    vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,

    id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]
    II.
    Form bellum.
    A.
    War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).
    1.
    Specifying the enemy.
    a.
    By adjj. denoting the nation:

    omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

    aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,

    id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:

    Britannicum bellum,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

    Gallicum,

    id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

    Germanicum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

    Sabinum,

    Liv. 1, 26, 4:

    Parthicum,

    Vell. 2, 46, 2;

    similarly: bellum piraticum,

    the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:

    Sertorianum bellum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    Mithridaticum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

    Jugurthinum,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;

    similarly: bellum regium,

    the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:

    bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    Asiaticum,

    id. ib. 22, 64:

    Africum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:

    Actiacum,

    Vell. 2, 86, 3:

    Hispaniense,

    id. 2, 55, 2.—
    b.
    With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    Venetorum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16:

    Helvetiorum,

    id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;

    1, 30: Ambiorigis,

    id. ib. 6, 29, 4:

    Pyrrhi, Philippi,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:

    Samnitium,

    Liv. 7, 29, 2.—
    c.
    With cum and abl. of the name.
    (α).
    Attributively:

    cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    belli causa cum Samnitibus,

    Liv. 7, 29, 3:

    hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,

    id. 33, 35, 12:

    novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,

    id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—
    (β).
    With cum dependent on the verb:

    quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:

    novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,

    Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—
    d.
    With adversus and acc. of the name.
    (α).
    Attributively:

    bellum adversus Philippum,

    Liv. 31, 1, 8:

    bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,

    id. 8, 29, 6.—
    (β).
    With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:

    ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,

    id. 45, 11, 8:

    bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,

    Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
    e.
    With contra and acc.:

    cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    causam belli contra patriam inferendi,

    id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—
    f.
    With in and acc. (very rare):

    Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,

    Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—
    g.
    With inter and acc.:

    hic finis belli inter Romanos ac Persea fuit,

    Liv. 45, 9, 2.—
    h.
    With apud and acc.:

    secutum est bellum gestum apud Mutinam,

    Nep. Att. 9, 1.—
    k.
    With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—
    2.
    With verbs.
    a.
    Referring to the beginning of the war.
    (α).
    Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:

    summa erat observatio in bello movendo,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:

    bellum commotum a Scapula,

    id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:

    nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,

    Sall. C. 30, 2:

    is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,

    Liv. 1, 53, 2:

    insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,

    id. 4, 58, 6:

    dii pium movere bellum,

    id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,

    concitare,

    Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—
    (β).
    Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:

    cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,

    Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:

    bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,

    Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,

    parare alicui,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:

    bellum terra et mari comparat,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:

    tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:

    bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,

    Liv. 4, 55, 7:

    numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—
    (γ).
    Bellum differre, to postpone a war:

    nec jam poterat bellum differri,

    Liv. 2, 30, 7:

    mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,

    id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—
    (δ).
    Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):

    omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,

    id. ib. 20, 5:

    de integro bellum sumit,

    id. ib. 62, 9:

    iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,

    Liv. 38, 19, 3:

    sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,

    Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—
    (ε).
    Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:

    bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:

    suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 11, 35:

    judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,

    join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):

    cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,

    undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:

    senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,

    id. 6, 9, 5:

    bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,

    Vell. 2, 3, 3.—
    (ζ).
    Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):

    consensit et senatus bellum,

    Liv. 8, 6, 8:

    bellum erat consensum,

    id. 1, 32, 12.—
    (η).
    Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:

    sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,

    id. ib.:

    cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?

    id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:

    Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,

    Liv. 5, 26, 3:

    Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,

    id. 6, 22, 6:

    Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,

    id. 7, 23, 2:

    quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:

    cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,

    id. ib. 16, 49:

    hunc toti bello praefecerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:

    alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

    bellum administrandum permittere,

    id. ib. 21, 61.—
    (θ).
    Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:

    ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,

    Liv. 1, 32, 13:

    Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,

    id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:

    bellum indici posse existimabat,

    Liv. 1, 22, 4:

    ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,

    id. 1, 22, 6:

    ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,

    id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—
    (κ).
    Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:

    Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,

    Cic. Pis. 34, 84:

    ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

    qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:

    bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

    bellum patriae faciet,

    id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:

    civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;

    3, 29: constituit bellum facere,

    Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:

    occupant bellum facere,

    they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:

    ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,

    id. 1, 32, 13:

    populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,

    id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:

    urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—
    (λ).
    Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:

    subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

    aliud multo propius bellum ortum,

    Liv. 1, 14, 4:

    Veiens bellum exortum,

    id. 2, 53, 1.—
    b.
    Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:

    bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,

    Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

    cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,

    id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

    cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,

    id. Div. 1, 46, 103:

    erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 10:

    bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,

    id. ib. 4, 6:

    Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,

    Sall. C. 16, 5:

    bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,

    Liv. 21, 1, 1:

    alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,

    id. 2, 62, 3:

    de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,

    id. 23, 25, 5:

    Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,

    Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):

    bellum bellare,

    Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);

    in the same sense: bellum agere,

    Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:

    bello persequi aliquem,

    Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—
    (β).
    Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:

    necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    bellum trahi non posse,

    Sall. J. 23, 2:

    belli trahendi causa,

    Liv. 5, 11, 8:

    morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,

    id. 9, 27, 5:

    suadere institui ut bellum duceret,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:

    bellum enim ducetur,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;

    similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?

    Liv. 5, 5, 1.—
    (γ).
    Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:

    bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:

    quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

    Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,

    Liv. 8, 37, 5.—
    c.
    Referring to the end of a war.
    (α).
    Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:

    in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

    (bellum) cum deponi victores velint,

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,

    Liv. 31, 1, 8:

    nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,

    id. 31, 31, 19:

    dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,

    Sall. J. 112, 1:

    bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,

    id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:

    velut posito bello,

    Liv. 1, 53, 5:

    manere bellum quod positum simuletur,

    id. 1, 53, 7:

    posito ubique bello,

    Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:

    omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,

    Liv. 2, 14, 5.—
    (β).
    Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:

    timerent ne bellum componeretur,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

    si bellum compositum foret,

    Sall. J. 97, 2:

    belli componendi licentiam,

    id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;

    similarly: bellum sedare,

    Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
    (γ).
    Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:

    is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:

    bellumque maximum conficies,

    id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:

    confecto Mithridatico bello,

    id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:

    quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;

    4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,

    Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:

    neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,

    Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;

    36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:

    se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),

    id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:

    neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,

    Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—
    d.
    Less usual connections:

    bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

    alere ac fovere bellum,

    Liv. 42, 11, 5:

    bellum navare alicui,

    Tac. H. 5, 25:

    spargere,

    id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:

    serere,

    Liv. 21, 10, 4:

    circumferre,

    Tac. A. 13, 37:

    exercere,

    id. ib. 6, 31:

    quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:

    bellum ascendit in rupes,

    id. 4, 12, 4:

    bellum serpit in proximos,

    id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:

    bella narrare,

    Cic. Or. 9, 30:

    canere bella,

    Quint. 10, 1, 91:

    bella legere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—
    3.
    As object denoting place or time.
    a.
    Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.
    (α).
    Of the commander:

    consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:

    ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:

    ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,

    Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:

    in bellum,

    Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—
    (β).
    Of persons partaking in a war:

    si proficiscerer ad bellum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —
    b.
    Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—
    c.
    In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:

    in bella sequi,

    id. ib. 8, 547.—
    d.
    Of time.
    (α).
    In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):

    valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,

    domi duellique,

    id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):

    quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,

    Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:

    paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,

    Sall. J. 41, 7:

    animus belli ingens, domi modicus,

    id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:

    bello domique,

    id. 1, 34, 12:

    domi belloque,

    id. 9, 26, 21; and:

    neque bello, neque domi,

    id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:

    simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.

    Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—
    (β).
    In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:

    ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:

    in ipso bello eadem sensi,

    id. Marcell. 5, 14:

    in Volsco bello virtus enituit,

    Liv. 2, 24, 8:

    in eo bello,

    id. 23, 46, 6:

    in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,

    id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:

    ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:

    qui in bello occiderunt,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

    quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 9, 4:

    non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,

    Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:

    in bello parta,

    Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—
    (γ).
    Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

    bello Italico,

    id. Pis. 36, 87:

    Veienti bello,

    id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

    domestico bello,

    id. Planc. 29, 70:

    qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,

    Liv. 23, 12, 11:

    victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,

    id. 2, 27, 1:

    nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,

    id. 9, 18, 9:

    bello civili,

    Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:

    praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:

    qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,

    Cic. Sest. 26, 57:

    res pace belloque gestas,

    Liv. 2, 1, 1:

    egregieque rebus bello gestis,

    id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:

    ludi bello voti,

    id. 4, 35. 3:

    princeps pace belloque,

    id. 7, 1, 9:

    Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,

    id. 45, 42, 7:

    bello parta,

    Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—
    (δ).
    Inter bellum (rare):

    cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,

    Liv. 2, 14, 2:

    inter haec bella consules... facti,

    id. 2, 63, 1.—
    4.
    Bellum in attributive connection.
    a.
    Justum bellum.
    (α).
    A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):

    justum piumque bellum,

    Liv. 1, 23, 4:

    non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,

    id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—
    (β).
    A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):

    in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,

    Liv. 1, 15, 1.—
    b.
    For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—
    c.
    Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:

    quicunque belli eventus fuisset,

    Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:

    haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,

    Sall. C. 37, 9:

    eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,

    Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:

    exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

    cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,

    id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:

    Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

    cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,

    Liv. 5, 16, 8.—
    d.
    Fortuna belli, the chances of war:

    adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,

    Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—
    e.
    Belli artes, military skill:

    cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,

    Liv. 1, 35, 1:

    haud ignotas belli artes,

    id. 21, 1, 2:

    temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,

    id. 1, 21, 6.—
    f.
    Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:

    in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:

    sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,

    Liv. 5, 27, 6:

    jure belli res vindicatur,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—
    g.
    Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:

    trium simul bellorum victor,

    a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:

    victor tot bellis,

    id. 2, 27, 1). —
    h.
    Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of things concr. and abstr.:

    qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,

    Cic. Dom. 23, 60:

    bellum contra aras et focos,

    id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,

    id. Or. 2, 37, 155:

    ventri Indico bellum,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—
    2.
    Of animals:

    milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

    hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,

    Ov. M. 6, 92.—
    3.
    With individuals:

    quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:

    nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,

    Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

    cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,

    id. Sull. 9, 28:

    hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,

    Liv. 2, 12, 11:

    falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,

    id. 3, 25, 3:

    tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,

    id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:

    equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,

    Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—
    4.
    In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—
    5.
    Personified as god of war ( = Janus):

    tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,

    Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:

    sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,

    Verg. A. 7, 607:

    mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,

    id. ib. 6, 279.—
    6.
    Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):

    permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),

    Ov. M. 12, 24:

    sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,

    Sil. 7, 472:

    quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?

    Stat. Th. 9, 490.—
    7.
    Battle, = proelium:

    rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,

    Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:

    quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,

    Sall. C. 9, 4:

    praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,

    Liv. 8, 10, 7:

    commisso statim bello,

    Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:

    Actia bella,

    Verg. A. 8, 675:

    ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,

    id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —
    8.
    Bellum = liber de bello:

    quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!

    Cic. Sen. 14, 50.
    b.
    Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:

    bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,

    Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

    cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,

    id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

    cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,

    id. Div. 1, 46, 103:

    erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 10:

    bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,

    id. ib. 4, 6:

    Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,

    Sall. C. 16, 5:

    bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,

    Liv. 21, 1, 1:

    alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,

    id. 2, 62, 3:

    de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,

    id. 23, 25, 5:

    Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,

    Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):

    bellum bellare,

    Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);

    in the same sense: bellum agere,

    Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:

    bello persequi aliquem,

    Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—
    (β).
    Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:

    necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    bellum trahi non posse,

    Sall. J. 23, 2:

    belli trahendi causa,

    Liv. 5, 11, 8:

    morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,

    id. 9, 27, 5:

    suadere institui ut bellum duceret,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:

    bellum enim ducetur,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;

    similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?

    Liv. 5, 5, 1.—
    (γ).
    Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:

    bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:

    quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

    Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,

    Liv. 8, 37, 5.—
    c.
    Referring to the end of a war.
    (α).
    Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:

    in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

    (bellum) cum deponi victores velint,

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,

    Liv. 31, 1, 8:

    nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,

    id. 31, 31, 19:

    dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,

    Sall. J. 112, 1:

    bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,

    id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:

    velut posito bello,

    Liv. 1, 53, 5:

    manere bellum quod positum simuletur,

    id. 1, 53, 7:

    posito ubique bello,

    Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:

    omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,

    Liv. 2, 14, 5.—
    (β).
    Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:

    timerent ne bellum componeretur,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

    si bellum compositum foret,

    Sall. J. 97, 2:

    belli componendi licentiam,

    id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;

    similarly: bellum sedare,

    Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
    (γ).
    Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:

    is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:

    bellumque maximum conficies,

    id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:

    confecto Mithridatico bello,

    id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:

    quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;

    4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,

    Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:

    neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,

    Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;

    36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:

    se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),

    id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:

    neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,

    Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—
    d.
    Less usual connections:

    bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

    alere ac fovere bellum,

    Liv. 42, 11, 5:

    bellum navare alicui,

    Tac. H. 5, 25:

    spargere,

    id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:

    serere,

    Liv. 21, 10, 4:

    circumferre,

    Tac. A. 13, 37:

    exercere,

    id. ib. 6, 31:

    quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:

    bellum ascendit in rupes,

    id. 4, 12, 4:

    bellum serpit in proximos,

    id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:

    bella narrare,

    Cic. Or. 9, 30:

    canere bella,

    Quint. 10, 1, 91:

    bella legere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—
    3.
    As object denoting place or time.
    a.
    Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.
    (α).
    Of the commander:

    consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:

    ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:

    ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,

    Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:

    in bellum,

    Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—
    (β).
    Of persons partaking in a war:

    si proficiscerer ad bellum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —
    b.
    Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—
    c.
    In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:

    in bella sequi,

    id. ib. 8, 547.—
    d.
    Of time.
    (α).
    In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):

    valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,

    domi duellique,

    id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):

    quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,

    Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:

    paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,

    Sall. J. 41, 7:

    animus belli ingens, domi modicus,

    id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:

    bello domique,

    id. 1, 34, 12:

    domi belloque,

    id. 9, 26, 21; and:

    neque bello, neque domi,

    id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:

    simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.

    Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—
    (β).
    In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:

    ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:

    in ipso bello eadem sensi,

    id. Marcell. 5, 14:

    in Volsco bello virtus enituit,

    Liv. 2, 24, 8:

    in eo bello,

    id. 23, 46, 6:

    in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,

    id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:

    ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:

    qui in bello occiderunt,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

    quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 9, 4:

    non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,

    Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:

    in bello parta,

    Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—
    (γ).
    Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

    bello Italico,

    id. Pis. 36, 87:

    Veienti bello,

    id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

    domestico bello,

    id. Planc. 29, 70:

    qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,

    Liv. 23, 12, 11:

    victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,

    id. 2, 27, 1:

    nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,

    id. 9, 18, 9:

    bello civili,

    Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:

    praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:

    qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,

    Cic. Sest. 26, 57:

    res pace belloque gestas,

    Liv. 2, 1, 1:

    egregieque rebus bello gestis,

    id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:

    ludi bello voti,

    id. 4, 35. 3:

    princeps pace belloque,

    id. 7, 1, 9:

    Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,

    id. 45, 42, 7:

    bello parta,

    Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—
    (δ).
    Inter bellum (rare):

    cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,

    Liv. 2, 14, 2:

    inter haec bella consules... facti,

    id. 2, 63, 1.—
    4.
    Bellum in attributive connection.
    a.
    Justum bellum.
    (α).
    A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):

    justum piumque bellum,

    Liv. 1, 23, 4:

    non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,

    id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—
    (β).
    A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):

    in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,

    Liv. 1, 15, 1.—
    b.
    For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—
    c.
    Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:

    quicunque belli eventus fuisset,

    Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:

    haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,

    Sall. C. 37, 9:

    eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,

    Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:

    exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

    cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,

    id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:

    Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

    cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,

    Liv. 5, 16, 8.—
    d.
    Fortuna belli, the chances of war:

    adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,

    Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—
    e.
    Belli artes, military skill:

    cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,

    Liv. 1, 35, 1:

    haud ignotas belli artes,

    id. 21, 1, 2:

    temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,

    id. 1, 21, 6.—
    f.
    Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:

    in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:

    sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,

    Liv. 5, 27, 6:

    jure belli res vindicatur,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—
    g.
    Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:

    trium simul bellorum victor,

    a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:

    victor tot bellis,

    id. 2, 27, 1). —
    h.
    Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of things concr. and abstr.:

    qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,

    Cic. Dom. 23, 60:

    bellum contra aras et focos,

    id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,

    id. Or. 2, 37, 155:

    ventri Indico bellum,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—
    2.
    Of animals:

    milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

    hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,

    Ov. M. 6, 92.—
    3.
    With individuals:

    quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:

    nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,

    Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

    cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,

    id. Sull. 9, 28:

    hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,

    Liv. 2, 12, 11:

    falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,

    id. 3, 25, 3:

    tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,

    id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:

    equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,

    Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—
    4.
    In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—
    5.
    Personified as god of war ( = Janus):

    tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,

    Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:

    sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,

    Verg. A. 7, 607:

    mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,

    id. ib. 6, 279.—
    6.
    Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):

    permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),

    Ov. M. 12, 24:

    sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,

    Sil. 7, 472:

    quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?

    Stat. Th. 9, 490.—
    7.
    Battle, = proelium:

    rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,

    Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:

    quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,

    Sall. C. 9, 4:

    praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,

    Liv. 8, 10, 7:

    commisso statim bello,

    Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:

    Actia bella,

    Verg. A. 8, 675:

    ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,

    id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —
    8.
    Bellum = liber de bello:

    quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!

    Cic. Sen. 14, 50.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bellum

  • 8 circumago

    circum-ăgo, ēgi, actum, 3, v. a.
    I.
    To drive or turn in a circle, turn round (most freq. since the Aug. per.;

    not in Cic. or Quint.): impera suovetaurilia circumagi,

    Cato, R. R. 141, 1.—And with two acc. (on account of circum):

    terram fundumque meum suovetaurilia circumagi jussi,

    Cato, R. R. 141, § 2:

    (annus) qui solstitiali circumagitur orbe,

    Liv. 1, 19, 6:

    chamaeleonis oculos ipsos circumagi totos tradunt,

    Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 152.— Act. in mid. sense (very rare):

    Aegeum pelagus summotas terras hinc ad promunturium, quod Sunium vocatur, magno ambitu mollique circumagit,

    rolls around, surrounds, Mel. 2, 2, 8.—
    2.
    To drive around, produce by going around:

    pinctis bobus... aratro circumagebant sulcum,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 143 Müll.—Hence,
    B.
    T. t., to manumit a slave by turning him round. since the slave, in such a case, was taken by his master with the right hand, and turned around in a circle (cf. vertigo, Casaub. Pers. 5, 75 sq., and Dict. of Antiq.);

    fig.: qui se illi (philosophiae) subjecit et tradidit, statim circumagitur: hoc enim ipsum philosophiae servire libertas est,

    Sen. Ep. 8, 6.—
    C.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, with se, or more freq. in pass, to pass away, to be spent (so most freq. in temp. perf. and in Liv.):

    in ipso conatu rerum circumegit se annus,

    Liv. 9, 18, 14:

    sed prius se aestas circumegit, quam, etc.,

    id. 23, 39, 4:

    prius circumactus est annus, quam, etc.,

    id. 6, 38, 1:

    circumactis decem et octo mensibus,

    id. 9, 33, 3; 6, 1, 4; 26, 40, 1; 27, 30, 11; 44, 36, 1; Plin. 7, 16, 17, § 76;

    and in tmesis: circum tribus actis annis,

    Lucr. 5, 881.—In temp. pres.:

    annus, qui solstitiali circumagitur orbe,

    Liv. 1, 19, 6:

    nobis in apparatu ipso annus circumagitur,

    id. 24, 8, 8.—
    2.
    Of the vicissitudes of fortune, etc.:

    cum videamus tot varietates tam volubili orbe circumagi,

    Plin. Ep. 4, 24, 6.—
    II.
    To turn, turn about, wheel around:

    equos frenis,

    Liv. 1, 14, 9; 8, 7, 10; 10, 11, 1; Curt. 3, 11, 14 sq.:

    collum in aversam se,

    Plin. 11, 47, 107, § 256:

    corpora,

    Tac. H. 4, 29:

    se ad dissonos clamores,

    Liv. 4, 28, 2:

    circumagitur, cum venit, imago (in speculis),

    Lucr. 4, 316 (340):

    circumagente se vento,

    Liv. 37, 16, 4:

    aciem,

    id. 42, 64, 5:

    signa,

    id. 10, 36, 9; 6, 24, 7; Curt. 4, 6, 14:

    ut qui (milites) ultimi stabant... verti tamen et in frontem circumagi possent,

    id. 4, 13, 32:

    se,

    to turn about, Plin. 6, 31, 36, § 199; 16, 41, 80, § 220:

    legiones,

    to lead back, Flor. 3, 21, 6. —Hence, prov.:

    circumagetur hic orbis,

    the tide will turn, Liv. 42, 42, 6; cf.

    ' praecipua cenationum rotunda, quae perpetuo diebus ac noctibus vice mundi circumageretur,

    Suet. Ner. 31.—
    2.
    Esp., to agitate, disturb:

    verna (mala) stomacho inutilia sunt, alvom, vesicam circumagunt,

    Plin. 23, 6, 54, § 100.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    hic paululum circumacta fortuna est,

    changes, is changed, Flor. 2, 2, 22:

    sed unā voce, quā Quirites eos pro militibus appellarat, tam facile circumegit et flexit,

    Suet. Caes. 70:

    quo te circumagas?

    whither will you now turn? Juv. 9, 81:

    universum prope humanum genus circumegit in se,

    brought over to his side, Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13.—
    III.
    (Acc. to circum, II. C.) To run or drive about, proceed from one place to another:

    (milites) huc illuc clamoribus hostium circumagi,

    Tac. H, 3, 73: nil opus est te Circumagi, i. e. that you wander about with me, * Hor. S. 1, 9, 17.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    non pendere ex alterius vultu ac nutu, nec alieni momentis animi circumagi,

    Liv. 39, 5, 3:

    rumoribus vulgi circumagi,

    id. 44, 34, 4; 26, 8, 3.—
    IV.
    Aliquem aliquā re = circumdare, to surround with something:

    fratrem Saturnum muro,

    Lact. 1, 14.—Hence, circumactus, a, um, P. a., bent around, curved (perh. only in the two Plin.):

    in orbem circumactus,

    Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102; 15, 14, 15, § 51; 16, 34, 62, § 146:

    sensim circumactis curvatisque litoribus,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > circumago

  • 9 locum

    lŏcus (old form stlocus, like stlis for lis, Quint. 1, 4, 16), i, m. ( lŏcum, i, n., Inscr. ap. Grut. 129, 14; plur. loci, single places; loca, places connected with each other, a region; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 666 sq., and v. infra), a place, spot.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    adsedistis in festivo loco,

    i. e. the theatre, Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 83:

    locum sibi velle liberum praeberier, ubi nequam faciat clam,

    id. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 3, 44; cf.

    3, 2, 25: omnes copias in unum locum convenire,

    Cic. Att. 8, 16, 2:

    Galli qui ea loca incolerent,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

    locorum situm naturam regionis nosse,

    Liv. 22, 38:

    Romae per omnes locos,

    Sall. J. 32:

    facere alicui locum in turba,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 210:

    ex loco superiore agere, of an orator speaking from the rostra, or of a judge pronouncing judgment: de loco superiore dicere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

    ex aequo loco, of one speaking in the Senate or conversing with another: et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habiti,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    ex inferiore loco,

    to speak before a judge, id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: primus locus aedium, a dwelling on the ground-floor, Nep. praef. 6.— A post, position: loco movere, to drive from a place or post, Ter. Phorm. prol. 32; so,

    loco deicere,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 30:

    loco cedere,

    to give way, abandon one's post, retire, Sall. C. 9; Caes. B. G. 1, 15.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    A place, seat, in the theatre, the circus, or the forum:

    Servi ne obsideant, liberis ut sit locus,

    room, seats, Plaut. Cas. prol. 23.—

    Esp. the place assigned by the Senate to foreign ambassadors: locum ad spectandum dare,

    Cic. Mur. 35, 73; 34, 72; so Liv. 30, 17. — Plur. loca, Liv. 34, 44, 5; Vell. 2, 32, 3; Suet. Claud. 21; id. Ner. 11; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 21.—But plur. loci, Tac. A. 15, 32.—
    2.
    So of the lodging, quarters, place of abode assigned to foreign ambassadors for their residence:

    locus inde lautiaque legatis praeberi jussa,

    Liv. 28, 39, 19; 30, 17, 14; 42, 26, 5; Symm. Ep. 4, 56; Sid. Ep. 8, 12:

    loca lautia,

    App. M. 3, p. 140, 30.—
    3.
    A piece or part of an estate:

    stricte loquendo locus non est fundus sed pars aliqua fundi,

    Dig. 50, 16, 60:

    locus certus ex fundo possideri potest,

    ib. 41, 2, 26.—
    4.
    A place, spot, locality; a country region: hau longe abesse oportet homines hinc;

    ita hic lepidust locus,

    Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 35:

    nunc hoc ubi abstrudam cogito solum locum,

    id. Aul. 4, 6, 7:

    non hoc ut oppido praeposui, sed ut loco,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10; Verg. A. 1, 530; Caes. B. G. 5, 12.— Poet. of the inhabitants of a place, a neighborhood:

    numina vicinorum odit uterque locus,

    Juv. 15, 37.—Of a place where a city once stood, a site:

    locus Pherae,

    Plin. 4, 5, 6, § 13:

    locus Buprasium, Hyrmine,

    id. ib.; cf. Ov. F. 2, 280.— Plur. rarely loci:

    quos locos adiisti,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 86:

    locos tenere,

    Liv. 5, 35, 1:

    occupare,

    Sall. J. 18, 4; 76, 1; Lucr. 4, 509; Verg. A. 1, 306; 2, 28; Prop. 4 (5), 8, 22; Tac. A. 1, 61; 13, 36; Suet. Tib. 43.—Usually loca:

    loca haec circiter,

    Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 8:

    venisse in illa loca,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 5; id. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sq.; Caes. B. G. 2, 4, 2; Lucr. 1, 373; 2, 146; Cat. 9, 7; 63, 3; Sall. J. 18, 11; 54, 3; Verg. G. 2, 140; id. A. 1, 51; 2, 495; Hor. C. 1, 22, 7; Tib. 4, 1, 97; Ov. M. 10, 29; Liv. 1, 1, 5; 1, 5, 2; 1, 6, 4 et saep.—
    5.
    In war [p. 1075] or battle, a post, station (plur. loca):

    tum loca sorte legunt,

    Verg. A. 5, 132:

    loca jussa tenere,

    id. ib. 10, 238:

    loca servare,

    Amm. 25, 6, 14.—
    6.
    Loci and loca, of parts of the body:

    loci nervosi,

    Cels. 5, 26, 26.—Esp.:

    muliebres,

    Varr. L. L. 5, 2, 15; and without adj., in females, the womb:

    si ea lotio locos fovebit,

    Cato, R. R. 157, 11:

    cum in locis semen insederit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51; Cels. 2, 8. —Of animals, Col. 6, 27, 10.—Of birds, Col. 8, 11, 8; Lucr. 14, 1246; Plin. 11, 37, 84, § 209; Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 17:

    genitalia,

    Col. 7, 7, 4; cf. id. 8, 7, 2; 8, 11, 8;

    in males,

    Lucr. 4, 1034; 4, 1045.—
    7.
    Communis locus,
    (α).
    The place of the dead:

    qui nunc abierunt hinc in communem locum,

    Plaut. Cas. prol. 19.—
    (β).
    A public place:

    Sthenius... qui oppidum non maximum maximis ex pecunia sua locis communibus monumentisque decoravit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112.—
    8.
    A burial-place, grave; very freq. in epitaphs; v. Inscr. Orell. 8; 4499; 4500 sq.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    A topic of discussion or thought; a matter, subject, point, head or division of a subject.
    1.
    In gen.:

    cum fundamentum esset philosophiae positum in finibus bonorum, perpurgatus est is locus a nobis quinque libris,

    Cic. Div. 2, 1, 2:

    Theophrastus cum tractat locos ab Aristotele ante tractatos,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 6:

    hic locus, de natura usuque verborum,

    id. Or. 48, 162:

    philosophiae noti et tractati loci,

    id. ib. 33, 118:

    ex quattuor locis in quos honesti naturam vimque divisimus,

    id. Off. 1, 6, 18; id. Inv. 2, 3, 11; 2, 5, 16; 2, 8, 26 et saep.; Quint. 2, 4, 27; 2, 11, 6; 5, 8, 4; Juv. 6, 245; Tac. Or. 31.—
    2.
    Esp.: loci, the grounds of proof, the points on which proofs are founded or from which they are deduced:

    cum pervestigare argumentum aliquod volumus, locos nosse debemus,

    Cic. Top. 2, 7; id. de Or. 1, 13, 56; 3, 55, 210:

    traditi sunt ex quibus argumenta ducantur duplices loci,

    id. Or. 35; so sing.:

    itaque licet definire, locum esse argumenti sedem,

    id. Top. 2.—
    3.
    Esp.: loci communes, general arguments, which do not grow out of the particular facts of a case, but are applicable to any class of cases:

    pars (argumentorum) est pervagatior et aut in omnis ejusdem generis aut in plerasque causas adcommodata: haec ergo argumenta, quae transferri in multas causas possunt, locos communis nominamus,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 14, 47 sq.; cf. the passage at length; id. ib. 2, 16, 50 sq.; 2, 18, 56; Auct. Her. 3, 8, 15; Quint. 2, 1, 9; 3, 1, 12; 5, 1, 3; 5, 13, 57 al.— Sing.:

    vix ullus est tam communis locus, qui possit cohaerere cum causa, nisi aliquo proprio quaestionis vinculo copulatus,

    Quint. 2, 4, 30:

    locus, for communis locus,

    id. 4, 2, 117; 5, 7, 32.—
    B.
    A passage in a book or author; plur. loci (Zumpt, Gram. §

    99): locos quosdam transferam,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 1, 1, 36; 1, 4, 4; 5, 13, 42; 6, 3, 36; Tac. Or. 22:

    locos Lucreti plurimos sectare,

    Gell. 1, 21, 7;

    but rarely loca: loca jam recitata,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 223; Amm. 29, 2, 8.—
    C.
    Room, opportunity, cause, occasion, place, time, etc., for any thing:

    et cognoscendi et ignoscendi dabitur peccati locus,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 6:

    avaritia paululum aliquid loci rationi et consilio dedisset,

    Cic. Quint. 16, 53:

    de tuo in me animo iniquis secus existimandi videris nonnihil dedisse loci,

    to have given occasion, cause, reason, id. Fam. 3, 6, 6:

    dare suspicioni locum,

    id. Cael. 4, 9:

    dare locum dubitationis,

    id. Balb. 6, 16; Val. Fl. 4, 451: locum habere, to find a place:

    qui dolorem summum malum dicit, apud eum, quem locum habet fortitudo?

    Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

    in hoc altero dicacitatis quid habet ars loci?

    id. de Or. 2, 54, 219; so,

    locus est alicui rei: legi Aquiliae locus est adversus te,

    Dig. 9, 2, 27; cf.:

    huic edicto locus est,

    ib. 37, 10, 6; cf.:

    meritis vacat hic tibi locus,

    Verg. A. 11, 179:

    cum defendendi negandive non est locus,

    Quint. 5, 13, 8:

    quaerendi,

    id. 3, 8, 21.—Also in the sense of there is place for any thing, it finds acceptance:

    in poëtis non Homero soli locus est aut Archilocho, etc.,

    Cic. Or. 1, 4:

    si in mea familiaritate locus esset nemini nisi, etc.,

    id. Planc. 33, 82:

    maledicto nihil loci est,

    id. Mur. 5, 12: locum non relinquere, to leave no room for, not to admit, to exclude:

    vita turpis ne morti quidem honestae locum relinquit,

    id. Quint. 15, 49; so,

    nec precibus nostris nec admonitionibus relinquit locum,

    id. Fam. 1, 1, 2: nancisci locum, to find occasion:

    nactus locum resecandae libidinis,

    id. Att. 1, 18, 2:

    valde gaudeo, si est nunc ullus gaudendi locus,

    id. ib. 9, 7, 6.—
    D.
    In aliquo loco esse, to be in any place, position, situation, condition, state, relation:

    si ego in istoc siem loco, dem potius aurum, quam, etc.,

    position, place, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 116:

    tanta ibi copia venustatum aderat, in suo quaeque loco sita munde,

    id. Poen. 5, 4, 8:

    in uxoris loco habere,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 52:

    in liberūm loco esse,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 49, 200; id. Planc. 11, 28; id. Brut. 1, 1; but more freq. without in:

    is si eo loco esset, negavit se facturum,

    id. Fam. 4, 4, 4:

    eodem loco esse,

    Sen. Ben. 3, 8, 2; 7, 14, 6.—Esp. with a gen.:

    parentis loco esse,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61:

    hostium loco esse,

    Liv. 2, 4, 7:

    fratris loco esse,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 3, 1; 7, 3, 6; Quint. 6, 1, 7:

    nec vero hic locus est, ut, etc.,

    not the proper occasion, Cic. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33.— Hence, loco or in loco, at the right place or time, seasonably, suitably:

    posuisti loco versus Attianos,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

    epistolae non in loco redditae,

    id. ib. 11, 16, 1:

    dulce est desipere in loco,

    Hor. C. 4, 12, 28; so,

    locis: non insurgit locis? non figuris gaudet?

    Quint. 12, 10, 23:

    quo res summa loco?

    in what condition? Verg. A. 2, 322:

    quo sit fortuna loco,

    id. ib. 9, 723:

    quo sit Romana loco res,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 25:

    quo tua sit fortuna loco,

    Stat. Th. 7, 558:

    missis nuntiis, quo loco res essent,

    Liv. 2, 47, 5:

    primo loco,

    in the first place, first in order, Juv. 5, 12.—Freq. as a partit. gen.:

    quo loci for quo loco,

    Cic. Att. 8, 10; id. Div. 2, 66:

    eo loci for eo loco,

    id. Sest. 31, 68; Tac. A. 15, 74:

    eodem loci,

    Suet. Calig. 53:

    ubi loci,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 26:

    ibidem loci,

    id. Cist. 3, 1, 53:

    interea loci for interea,

    meanwhile, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 46:

    postea loci,

    after that, afterwards, Sall. J. 102:

    ubicumque locorum,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 34:

    adhuc locorum,

    hitherto, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 25:

    ad id locorum,

    to that time, till then, hitherto, Sall. J. 63, 6; 73, 2; Liv. 22, 38, 12:

    post id locorum,

    after that, thereupon, Plaut. Cas. 1, 32:

    inde loci,

    since then, Lucr. 5, 437.—
    E.
    Place, position, degree, rank, order, office, of persons or things:

    summus locus civitatis,

    Cic. Clu. 55, 150:

    tua dignitas suum locum obtinebit,

    id. Fam. 3, 9, 2:

    quem locum apud ipsum Caesarem obtinuisti?

    id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:

    res erat et causa nostra eo jam loci, ut, etc.,

    id. Sest. 31, 68:

    Socrates voluptatem nullo loco numerat,

    id. Fin. 2, 28, 90:

    codem loco habere, quo, etc.,

    id. Prov. Cons. 17, 41; Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 6; 7, 77, 3; id. B. C. 1, 84, 2:

    indignantes eodem se loco esse, quo, etc.,

    Liv. 42, 37, 8:

    sed esto, neque melius quod invenimus esse, neque par, est certe proximus locus,

    Quint. 10, 5, 6:

    erat ordine proximus locus,

    id. 7, 3, 36:

    humili loco,

    id. 4, 2, 2.— Plur. loca:

    ut patricii recuperarent duo consularia loca,

    Liv. 10, 15, 8:

    quinque augurum loca,

    id. 10, 8, 3; 42, 34, 15:

    omnia loca obtinuere, ne cui plebeio aditus esset,

    id. 4, 57, 11; Tac. A. 2, 55:

    Vesta loca prima tenet,

    Ov. F. 6, 304.—Esp. of birth:

    infimo loco natus,

    Cic. Fl. 11, 24:

    esse summo loco natus,

    id. Planc. 25, 60:

    Tanaquil summo loco nata,

    Liv. 1, 34.—
    F.
    Loco, adverbially, in the place of, instead of, for:

    criminis loco putant esse, quod vivam,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 6:

    haec filium suum sibi praemii loco deposcit,

    id. Inv. 2, 49, 144.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > locum

  • 10 locus

    lŏcus (old form stlocus, like stlis for lis, Quint. 1, 4, 16), i, m. ( lŏcum, i, n., Inscr. ap. Grut. 129, 14; plur. loci, single places; loca, places connected with each other, a region; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 666 sq., and v. infra), a place, spot.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    adsedistis in festivo loco,

    i. e. the theatre, Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 83:

    locum sibi velle liberum praeberier, ubi nequam faciat clam,

    id. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 3, 44; cf.

    3, 2, 25: omnes copias in unum locum convenire,

    Cic. Att. 8, 16, 2:

    Galli qui ea loca incolerent,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

    locorum situm naturam regionis nosse,

    Liv. 22, 38:

    Romae per omnes locos,

    Sall. J. 32:

    facere alicui locum in turba,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 210:

    ex loco superiore agere, of an orator speaking from the rostra, or of a judge pronouncing judgment: de loco superiore dicere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

    ex aequo loco, of one speaking in the Senate or conversing with another: et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habiti,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    ex inferiore loco,

    to speak before a judge, id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: primus locus aedium, a dwelling on the ground-floor, Nep. praef. 6.— A post, position: loco movere, to drive from a place or post, Ter. Phorm. prol. 32; so,

    loco deicere,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 30:

    loco cedere,

    to give way, abandon one's post, retire, Sall. C. 9; Caes. B. G. 1, 15.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    A place, seat, in the theatre, the circus, or the forum:

    Servi ne obsideant, liberis ut sit locus,

    room, seats, Plaut. Cas. prol. 23.—

    Esp. the place assigned by the Senate to foreign ambassadors: locum ad spectandum dare,

    Cic. Mur. 35, 73; 34, 72; so Liv. 30, 17. — Plur. loca, Liv. 34, 44, 5; Vell. 2, 32, 3; Suet. Claud. 21; id. Ner. 11; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 21.—But plur. loci, Tac. A. 15, 32.—
    2.
    So of the lodging, quarters, place of abode assigned to foreign ambassadors for their residence:

    locus inde lautiaque legatis praeberi jussa,

    Liv. 28, 39, 19; 30, 17, 14; 42, 26, 5; Symm. Ep. 4, 56; Sid. Ep. 8, 12:

    loca lautia,

    App. M. 3, p. 140, 30.—
    3.
    A piece or part of an estate:

    stricte loquendo locus non est fundus sed pars aliqua fundi,

    Dig. 50, 16, 60:

    locus certus ex fundo possideri potest,

    ib. 41, 2, 26.—
    4.
    A place, spot, locality; a country region: hau longe abesse oportet homines hinc;

    ita hic lepidust locus,

    Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 35:

    nunc hoc ubi abstrudam cogito solum locum,

    id. Aul. 4, 6, 7:

    non hoc ut oppido praeposui, sed ut loco,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10; Verg. A. 1, 530; Caes. B. G. 5, 12.— Poet. of the inhabitants of a place, a neighborhood:

    numina vicinorum odit uterque locus,

    Juv. 15, 37.—Of a place where a city once stood, a site:

    locus Pherae,

    Plin. 4, 5, 6, § 13:

    locus Buprasium, Hyrmine,

    id. ib.; cf. Ov. F. 2, 280.— Plur. rarely loci:

    quos locos adiisti,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 86:

    locos tenere,

    Liv. 5, 35, 1:

    occupare,

    Sall. J. 18, 4; 76, 1; Lucr. 4, 509; Verg. A. 1, 306; 2, 28; Prop. 4 (5), 8, 22; Tac. A. 1, 61; 13, 36; Suet. Tib. 43.—Usually loca:

    loca haec circiter,

    Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 8:

    venisse in illa loca,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 5; id. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sq.; Caes. B. G. 2, 4, 2; Lucr. 1, 373; 2, 146; Cat. 9, 7; 63, 3; Sall. J. 18, 11; 54, 3; Verg. G. 2, 140; id. A. 1, 51; 2, 495; Hor. C. 1, 22, 7; Tib. 4, 1, 97; Ov. M. 10, 29; Liv. 1, 1, 5; 1, 5, 2; 1, 6, 4 et saep.—
    5.
    In war [p. 1075] or battle, a post, station (plur. loca):

    tum loca sorte legunt,

    Verg. A. 5, 132:

    loca jussa tenere,

    id. ib. 10, 238:

    loca servare,

    Amm. 25, 6, 14.—
    6.
    Loci and loca, of parts of the body:

    loci nervosi,

    Cels. 5, 26, 26.—Esp.:

    muliebres,

    Varr. L. L. 5, 2, 15; and without adj., in females, the womb:

    si ea lotio locos fovebit,

    Cato, R. R. 157, 11:

    cum in locis semen insederit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51; Cels. 2, 8. —Of animals, Col. 6, 27, 10.—Of birds, Col. 8, 11, 8; Lucr. 14, 1246; Plin. 11, 37, 84, § 209; Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 17:

    genitalia,

    Col. 7, 7, 4; cf. id. 8, 7, 2; 8, 11, 8;

    in males,

    Lucr. 4, 1034; 4, 1045.—
    7.
    Communis locus,
    (α).
    The place of the dead:

    qui nunc abierunt hinc in communem locum,

    Plaut. Cas. prol. 19.—
    (β).
    A public place:

    Sthenius... qui oppidum non maximum maximis ex pecunia sua locis communibus monumentisque decoravit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112.—
    8.
    A burial-place, grave; very freq. in epitaphs; v. Inscr. Orell. 8; 4499; 4500 sq.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    A topic of discussion or thought; a matter, subject, point, head or division of a subject.
    1.
    In gen.:

    cum fundamentum esset philosophiae positum in finibus bonorum, perpurgatus est is locus a nobis quinque libris,

    Cic. Div. 2, 1, 2:

    Theophrastus cum tractat locos ab Aristotele ante tractatos,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 6:

    hic locus, de natura usuque verborum,

    id. Or. 48, 162:

    philosophiae noti et tractati loci,

    id. ib. 33, 118:

    ex quattuor locis in quos honesti naturam vimque divisimus,

    id. Off. 1, 6, 18; id. Inv. 2, 3, 11; 2, 5, 16; 2, 8, 26 et saep.; Quint. 2, 4, 27; 2, 11, 6; 5, 8, 4; Juv. 6, 245; Tac. Or. 31.—
    2.
    Esp.: loci, the grounds of proof, the points on which proofs are founded or from which they are deduced:

    cum pervestigare argumentum aliquod volumus, locos nosse debemus,

    Cic. Top. 2, 7; id. de Or. 1, 13, 56; 3, 55, 210:

    traditi sunt ex quibus argumenta ducantur duplices loci,

    id. Or. 35; so sing.:

    itaque licet definire, locum esse argumenti sedem,

    id. Top. 2.—
    3.
    Esp.: loci communes, general arguments, which do not grow out of the particular facts of a case, but are applicable to any class of cases:

    pars (argumentorum) est pervagatior et aut in omnis ejusdem generis aut in plerasque causas adcommodata: haec ergo argumenta, quae transferri in multas causas possunt, locos communis nominamus,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 14, 47 sq.; cf. the passage at length; id. ib. 2, 16, 50 sq.; 2, 18, 56; Auct. Her. 3, 8, 15; Quint. 2, 1, 9; 3, 1, 12; 5, 1, 3; 5, 13, 57 al.— Sing.:

    vix ullus est tam communis locus, qui possit cohaerere cum causa, nisi aliquo proprio quaestionis vinculo copulatus,

    Quint. 2, 4, 30:

    locus, for communis locus,

    id. 4, 2, 117; 5, 7, 32.—
    B.
    A passage in a book or author; plur. loci (Zumpt, Gram. §

    99): locos quosdam transferam,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 1, 1, 36; 1, 4, 4; 5, 13, 42; 6, 3, 36; Tac. Or. 22:

    locos Lucreti plurimos sectare,

    Gell. 1, 21, 7;

    but rarely loca: loca jam recitata,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 223; Amm. 29, 2, 8.—
    C.
    Room, opportunity, cause, occasion, place, time, etc., for any thing:

    et cognoscendi et ignoscendi dabitur peccati locus,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 6:

    avaritia paululum aliquid loci rationi et consilio dedisset,

    Cic. Quint. 16, 53:

    de tuo in me animo iniquis secus existimandi videris nonnihil dedisse loci,

    to have given occasion, cause, reason, id. Fam. 3, 6, 6:

    dare suspicioni locum,

    id. Cael. 4, 9:

    dare locum dubitationis,

    id. Balb. 6, 16; Val. Fl. 4, 451: locum habere, to find a place:

    qui dolorem summum malum dicit, apud eum, quem locum habet fortitudo?

    Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

    in hoc altero dicacitatis quid habet ars loci?

    id. de Or. 2, 54, 219; so,

    locus est alicui rei: legi Aquiliae locus est adversus te,

    Dig. 9, 2, 27; cf.:

    huic edicto locus est,

    ib. 37, 10, 6; cf.:

    meritis vacat hic tibi locus,

    Verg. A. 11, 179:

    cum defendendi negandive non est locus,

    Quint. 5, 13, 8:

    quaerendi,

    id. 3, 8, 21.—Also in the sense of there is place for any thing, it finds acceptance:

    in poëtis non Homero soli locus est aut Archilocho, etc.,

    Cic. Or. 1, 4:

    si in mea familiaritate locus esset nemini nisi, etc.,

    id. Planc. 33, 82:

    maledicto nihil loci est,

    id. Mur. 5, 12: locum non relinquere, to leave no room for, not to admit, to exclude:

    vita turpis ne morti quidem honestae locum relinquit,

    id. Quint. 15, 49; so,

    nec precibus nostris nec admonitionibus relinquit locum,

    id. Fam. 1, 1, 2: nancisci locum, to find occasion:

    nactus locum resecandae libidinis,

    id. Att. 1, 18, 2:

    valde gaudeo, si est nunc ullus gaudendi locus,

    id. ib. 9, 7, 6.—
    D.
    In aliquo loco esse, to be in any place, position, situation, condition, state, relation:

    si ego in istoc siem loco, dem potius aurum, quam, etc.,

    position, place, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 116:

    tanta ibi copia venustatum aderat, in suo quaeque loco sita munde,

    id. Poen. 5, 4, 8:

    in uxoris loco habere,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 52:

    in liberūm loco esse,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 49, 200; id. Planc. 11, 28; id. Brut. 1, 1; but more freq. without in:

    is si eo loco esset, negavit se facturum,

    id. Fam. 4, 4, 4:

    eodem loco esse,

    Sen. Ben. 3, 8, 2; 7, 14, 6.—Esp. with a gen.:

    parentis loco esse,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61:

    hostium loco esse,

    Liv. 2, 4, 7:

    fratris loco esse,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 3, 1; 7, 3, 6; Quint. 6, 1, 7:

    nec vero hic locus est, ut, etc.,

    not the proper occasion, Cic. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33.— Hence, loco or in loco, at the right place or time, seasonably, suitably:

    posuisti loco versus Attianos,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

    epistolae non in loco redditae,

    id. ib. 11, 16, 1:

    dulce est desipere in loco,

    Hor. C. 4, 12, 28; so,

    locis: non insurgit locis? non figuris gaudet?

    Quint. 12, 10, 23:

    quo res summa loco?

    in what condition? Verg. A. 2, 322:

    quo sit fortuna loco,

    id. ib. 9, 723:

    quo sit Romana loco res,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 25:

    quo tua sit fortuna loco,

    Stat. Th. 7, 558:

    missis nuntiis, quo loco res essent,

    Liv. 2, 47, 5:

    primo loco,

    in the first place, first in order, Juv. 5, 12.—Freq. as a partit. gen.:

    quo loci for quo loco,

    Cic. Att. 8, 10; id. Div. 2, 66:

    eo loci for eo loco,

    id. Sest. 31, 68; Tac. A. 15, 74:

    eodem loci,

    Suet. Calig. 53:

    ubi loci,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 26:

    ibidem loci,

    id. Cist. 3, 1, 53:

    interea loci for interea,

    meanwhile, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 46:

    postea loci,

    after that, afterwards, Sall. J. 102:

    ubicumque locorum,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 34:

    adhuc locorum,

    hitherto, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 25:

    ad id locorum,

    to that time, till then, hitherto, Sall. J. 63, 6; 73, 2; Liv. 22, 38, 12:

    post id locorum,

    after that, thereupon, Plaut. Cas. 1, 32:

    inde loci,

    since then, Lucr. 5, 437.—
    E.
    Place, position, degree, rank, order, office, of persons or things:

    summus locus civitatis,

    Cic. Clu. 55, 150:

    tua dignitas suum locum obtinebit,

    id. Fam. 3, 9, 2:

    quem locum apud ipsum Caesarem obtinuisti?

    id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:

    res erat et causa nostra eo jam loci, ut, etc.,

    id. Sest. 31, 68:

    Socrates voluptatem nullo loco numerat,

    id. Fin. 2, 28, 90:

    codem loco habere, quo, etc.,

    id. Prov. Cons. 17, 41; Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 6; 7, 77, 3; id. B. C. 1, 84, 2:

    indignantes eodem se loco esse, quo, etc.,

    Liv. 42, 37, 8:

    sed esto, neque melius quod invenimus esse, neque par, est certe proximus locus,

    Quint. 10, 5, 6:

    erat ordine proximus locus,

    id. 7, 3, 36:

    humili loco,

    id. 4, 2, 2.— Plur. loca:

    ut patricii recuperarent duo consularia loca,

    Liv. 10, 15, 8:

    quinque augurum loca,

    id. 10, 8, 3; 42, 34, 15:

    omnia loca obtinuere, ne cui plebeio aditus esset,

    id. 4, 57, 11; Tac. A. 2, 55:

    Vesta loca prima tenet,

    Ov. F. 6, 304.—Esp. of birth:

    infimo loco natus,

    Cic. Fl. 11, 24:

    esse summo loco natus,

    id. Planc. 25, 60:

    Tanaquil summo loco nata,

    Liv. 1, 34.—
    F.
    Loco, adverbially, in the place of, instead of, for:

    criminis loco putant esse, quod vivam,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 6:

    haec filium suum sibi praemii loco deposcit,

    id. Inv. 2, 49, 144.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > locus

  • 11 membrum

    membrum, i, n. [etym. dub.; perh. for mems-trum; cf. Sanscr. māmsa, flesh], a limb, member of the body (class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    jam membrorum, id est partium corporis, alia videntur propter eorum usum a natura esse donata, ut manus, crura, pedes, etc.... alia quasi ad quendam ornatum, ut cauda pavoni, plumae versicolores columbis, viris mammae atque barba,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 5, 18; Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 66:

    defessa,

    Verg. G. 4, 438; Suet. Vesp. 20:

    hispida membra,

    Juv. 2, 11:

    membrum lacerum laesumve,

    Gell. 4, 2, 15:

    propter membrum ruptum talio,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 223.—
    B.
    In partic., = membrum virile, Auct. Priap. 70, 17. So plur. membra, Ov. Am. 3, 7, 65; cf. App. M. 5, 6, p. 161; id. ib. 10, 31, p. 254; Aus. Epigr. 120, 4.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    Of inanim. and abstr. things, a part, portion, division:

    omnes philosophiae partes atque omnia membra,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 4, 9:

    solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:

    per omnia philosophiae membra prudenter disputando currere,

    Amm. 16, 5, 6: eadem sunt membra in utrāque disputatione, Cic. de Or. 3, 30, 119 —
    2.
    Of persons:

    Ponticus... Bassus... dulcia convictūs membra fuere mei,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 48:

    membra et partes alienae potentiae,

    Sen. Ep. 21, 6; cf. poet.:

    fluctuantia membra Libyae,

    Sil. 2, 310.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    A member of the state:

    per multa membra civitas in unum tantum corpus redigitur,

    Just. 5, 10, 10:

    membra partesque imperii,

    Suet. Aug. 48:

    reipublicae totius membra,

    Amm. 18, 5, 1:

    urbis,

    id. 15, 7, 5:

    Achaei scilicet per civitates velut per membra divisi sunt, unum tamen corpus et unum imperium habent,

    Just. 34, 1, 2: corpore sic toto ac membris Roma usa. Sil. 12, 318:

    cur ut decisa atque avulsa a corpore membra despiciar,

    id. 1, 670.—
    2.
    An apartment, chamber in a house:

    dormitorium membrum,

    a bed-chamber, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 9:

    domūs membra,

    App. M. 3, 28, p. 141; 7, 1, p. 188:

    modus membrorum numerusque,

    Col. 6, 1, 1:

    cubicula et ejusmodi membra,

    Cic. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    3.
    Of speech, a member or clause of a sentence: quae Graeci kommata et kôla nominant, nos recte incisa et membra dicimus, Cic. Or. 62, 211; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 19, 26.—
    4.
    Of the Church of Christ:

    singuli autem alter alterius membra,

    Vulg. Rom. 12, 5; cf.

    the context: membra sumus corporis ejus,

    i. e. Christ's, id. Eph. 5, 30.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > membrum

  • 12 Socrates

    Sōcrătes, is, m., = Sôkratês.
    I.
    The celebrated Greek philosopher:

    parens philosophiae,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 1:

    fons et caput philosophiae,

    id. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

    ab Apolline omnium sapientissimus dictus,

    id. Ac. 1, 4, 16; Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 50.— Voc. Socrate, bis, Cic. Fragm. p. 477 Orell.—As an appellative, in the plur.:

    ut exsistant... Socratae simul et Antisthenae et Platones multi,

    Gell. 14, 1, 29; cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, p. 50. —Hence, Sōcrătĭcus, a, um, adj., = Sôkratikos, of or belonging to Socrates, Socratic:

    philosophi,

    Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104:

    viri,

    id. Att. 14, 9, 1:

    domus,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 14:

    sermones,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 18, 67; Hor. C. 3, 21, 9:

    lepor subtilitasque,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

    chartae,

    Hor. A. P. 310:

    sinus,

    i. e. devoted to philosophy, Pers. 5, 37:

    Xenophon,

    Nep. Ages. 1:

    cinaedi (in reference to Alcibiades, the favorite of Socrates),

    Juv. 2, 10.—As subst.: Sōcrătĭci, ōrum, m., the followers or disciples of Socrates, Cic. de Or. 3, 16, 61 sq.; id. Off. 1, 1, 2 et saep.—
    II.
    A Greek painter, Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137.—
    III.
    A Greek sculptor, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 32.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Socrates

  • 13 Socratici

    Sōcrătes, is, m., = Sôkratês.
    I.
    The celebrated Greek philosopher:

    parens philosophiae,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 1:

    fons et caput philosophiae,

    id. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

    ab Apolline omnium sapientissimus dictus,

    id. Ac. 1, 4, 16; Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 50.— Voc. Socrate, bis, Cic. Fragm. p. 477 Orell.—As an appellative, in the plur.:

    ut exsistant... Socratae simul et Antisthenae et Platones multi,

    Gell. 14, 1, 29; cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, p. 50. —Hence, Sōcrătĭcus, a, um, adj., = Sôkratikos, of or belonging to Socrates, Socratic:

    philosophi,

    Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104:

    viri,

    id. Att. 14, 9, 1:

    domus,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 14:

    sermones,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 18, 67; Hor. C. 3, 21, 9:

    lepor subtilitasque,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

    chartae,

    Hor. A. P. 310:

    sinus,

    i. e. devoted to philosophy, Pers. 5, 37:

    Xenophon,

    Nep. Ages. 1:

    cinaedi (in reference to Alcibiades, the favorite of Socrates),

    Juv. 2, 10.—As subst.: Sōcrătĭci, ōrum, m., the followers or disciples of Socrates, Cic. de Or. 3, 16, 61 sq.; id. Off. 1, 1, 2 et saep.—
    II.
    A Greek painter, Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137.—
    III.
    A Greek sculptor, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 32.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Socratici

  • 14 Socraticus

    Sōcrătes, is, m., = Sôkratês.
    I.
    The celebrated Greek philosopher:

    parens philosophiae,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 1:

    fons et caput philosophiae,

    id. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

    ab Apolline omnium sapientissimus dictus,

    id. Ac. 1, 4, 16; Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 50.— Voc. Socrate, bis, Cic. Fragm. p. 477 Orell.—As an appellative, in the plur.:

    ut exsistant... Socratae simul et Antisthenae et Platones multi,

    Gell. 14, 1, 29; cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, p. 50. —Hence, Sōcrătĭcus, a, um, adj., = Sôkratikos, of or belonging to Socrates, Socratic:

    philosophi,

    Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104:

    viri,

    id. Att. 14, 9, 1:

    domus,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 14:

    sermones,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 18, 67; Hor. C. 3, 21, 9:

    lepor subtilitasque,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

    chartae,

    Hor. A. P. 310:

    sinus,

    i. e. devoted to philosophy, Pers. 5, 37:

    Xenophon,

    Nep. Ages. 1:

    cinaedi (in reference to Alcibiades, the favorite of Socrates),

    Juv. 2, 10.—As subst.: Sōcrătĭci, ōrum, m., the followers or disciples of Socrates, Cic. de Or. 3, 16, 61 sq.; id. Off. 1, 1, 2 et saep.—
    II.
    A Greek painter, Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137.—
    III.
    A Greek sculptor, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 32.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Socraticus

  • 15 tracto

    tracto, āvi, ātum ( gen. plur. part. tractantum, Ov. P. 3, 3, 20), 1, v. freq. a. [traho].
    I.
    To draw violently, to drag, tug, haul, etc. (so, very rare): qui te (Hectorem) sic tractavere? Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 96 Vahl.):

    tractatus per aequora campi,

    id. Ann. v. 140 Vahl.:

    tractata comis antistita Phoebi,

    Ov. M. 13, 410:

    malis morsuque ferarum Tractari,

    to be torn, rent, lacerated, Lucr. 3, 889.—
    II.
    To touch, take in hand, handle, manage, wield; to exercise, practise, transact, perform, etc. (freq. and class.; cf.: tango, ago, perago).
    A.
    Lit.:

    ut ea, quae gustemus, olfaciamus, tractemus, audiamus, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 111:

    numquam temere tinnit tintinnabulum, nisi qui illud tractat,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 163:

    aliquid manibus,

    id. Poen. 1, 2, 103:

    tractavisti hospitam ante aedes meas,

    id. Mil. 2, 6, 30:

    mateilionem Corinthium cupidissime tractans,

    Cic. Par. 5, 2, 38:

    volucra, quae non possum tractare sine magno gemitu,

    id. Att. 12, 22, 1:

    aret Pellis et ad tactum tractanti dura resistit,

    Verg. G. 3, 502:

    puer unctis Tractavit calicem manibus,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 79:

    vitulos consuescere manu tractari,

    Col. 6, 2, 1:

    tractat inauratae consona fila lyrae,

    i. e. strikes, plays upon, Ov. Am. 1, 8, 60: necdum res igni scibant tractare, to prepare, i. e. to cook, dress, Lucr. 5, 953:

    solum terrae aere,

    id. 5, 1289; cf.:

    lutosum agrum,

    i. e. to till, Col. 2, 4, 5:

    tractari tuerique vites,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 39:

    ceram pollice,

    Ov. M. 10, 285; cf. id. ib. 8, 196:

    lanam,

    Just. 1, 3:

    lanuginem,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    gubernacula,

    to manage, Cic. Sest. 9, 20:

    tela,

    to wield, Liv. 7, 32, 11; cf.:

    speciosius arma,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 53:

    servus, qui meam bibliothecen multorum nummorum tractavit,

    has taken care of, had charge of, Cic. Fam. 13, 77, 3; cf.: eras tu quaestor;

    pecuniam publicam tu tractabas,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 10, 32:

    rationem Prusensium,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 28, 5.—
    B. 1.
    In gen.: ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag. v. 189 Vahl.):

    suam rem minus caute et cogitate,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 46:

    causas amicorum tractare atque agere,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 37, 170:

    causam difficiliorem,

    id. Fam. 3, 12, 3:

    condiciones,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 28:

    bellum,

    to conduct, carry on, Liv. 23, 28, 4; Tac. A. 1, 59; Just. 9, 8, 12; 22, 5, 4:

    proelia,

    Sil. 15, 466; cf.:

    vitam vulgivago more ferarum,

    to lead, pass, spend, Lucr. 5, 930; so,

    vitam,

    Auct. Her. 4, 24, 33 (al. transactam):

    imperium,

    Just. 1, 2, 1:

    regna,

    id. 2, 4, 20:

    pauca admodum vi tractata, quo ceteris quies esset,

    Tac. A. 1, 9 fin.:

    artem,

    to practise, Ter. Phorm. prol. 17; Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 22:

    verba vetera,

    to employ, Quint. 11, 1, 6:

    personam in scenā,

    to perform, act, represent, id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; so,

    partes secundas (mimus),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14:

    animos,

    Cic. Or. 28, 97; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 85.—Reflex.:

    quo in munere ita se tractavit, ut, etc.,

    has so conducted himself, Cic. Fam. 13, 12, 1; so,

    ita me in re publicā tractabo, ut meminerim, etc.,

    id. Cat. 3, 12, 29.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    To treat, use, or conduct one ' s self towards a person in any manner:

    ego te, ut merita es de me, tractare exsequar,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 8: haec arte tractabat virum, ut, etc., Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 125:

    omnibus rebus eum ita tractes, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 3:

    non tractabo ut consulem,

    id. Phil. 2, 5, 10:

    aliquem liberaliter,

    id. Verr. 1, 8, 23:

    nec liberalius nec honorificentius potuisse tractari,

    id. Fam. 13, 27, 2:

    pater parum pie tractatus a filio,

    id. Cael. 2, 3:

    mercatores ac navicularii injuriosius tractati,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 11:

    pauloque benignius ipsum Te tractare voles,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 12. —
    b.
    To handle, treat, investigate, discuss any thing, mentally, orally, or in writing (cf.: dissero, disputo, ago). ( a) With acc.:

    quem ad modum quamque causam tractare conveniat,

    Auct. Her. 2, 2, 2:

    oratori omnia quaesita, audita, lecta, disputata, tractata, agitata esse debent,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 54:

    habeat omnes philosophiae notos et tractatos locos,

    id. Or. 33, 118:

    causas amicorum,

    id. de Or. 1, 37, 170:

    tractata res,

    id. Rep. 3, 3, 4:

    definitiones fortitudinis,

    id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53:

    partem philosophiae,

    id. Ac. 1, 8, 30:

    constantiam,

    id. Lael. 18, 65; cf. id. ib. 22, 82:

    ibi consilia decem legatorum tractabantur,

    Liv. 33, 31, 7:

    fama fuit... tractatas inter Eumenen et Persea condiciones amicitiae,

    id. 44, 13, 9:

    scrupulosius tractabo ventos,

    Plin. 2, 46, 45, § 118: prima elementa, Quint. prooem. 21;

    1, 1, 23: locus, qui copississime a Cicerone tractatur,

    id. 1, 4, 24; 7, 2, 43:

    aliquid memori pectore,

    to ponder, reflect upon, Juv. 11, 28; cf.:

    tractare proeliorum vias,

    Tac. A. 2, 5: ut quaestio diligentius tractaretur, Aug. Civ. Dei, 2, 21, 1.—
    (β).
    With de and abl. (mostly postAug.):

    de officii parte,

    Sen. Contr. 2, 1 (9), 20 (dub.;

    Madv. and Kiessl. partem): quoniam de religionibus tractabatur,

    Tac. A. 3, 71:

    ubi de figuris orationis tractandum erit,

    Quint. 1, 5, 5; 2, 13, 14; 2, 20, 10:

    de negotiis,

    to discuss, Suet. Aug. 35 fin.
    (γ).
    With interrog.-clause:

    quo tractatur amicus an inimicus,

    Quint. 5, 10, 29; 7, 2, 56:

    utra sit antiquior (lex),

    id. 7, 7, 8:

    cum tractaret, quinam adipisci principem locum abnuerent, etc.,

    Tac. A. 1, 13.—
    c.
    To negotiate, treat:

    dum de condicionibus tractat,

    Nep. Eum. 5, 7; Suet. Claud. 26:

    de Asiā,

    Just. 37, 3, 4:

    de redimendo filio,

    id. 31, 7, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tracto

  • 16 vacantia

    văco, āvi, ātum, 1 ( perf. vacui, Tert. Pall. 4; id. Pud. 8 fin.; id. adv. Val. 9), v. n. [etym. dub.], to be empty, void, or vacant; to be void of, or without; not to contain (class.; cf.: careo, egeo).
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    Lit., of space, etc.
    1.
    Absol.:

    quācumque vacat spatium, quod inane vocamus,

    Lucr. 1, 507; so,

    spatium,

    id. 2, 1053; 6, 1029:

    inane,

    id. 1, 520:

    villa ita completa militibus est, ut vix triclinium... vacaret,

    Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1:

    tota domus superior vacat,

    id. ib. 13, 12, 10:

    aedes,

    Plaut. Cas. 3, 1, 7:

    maximam putant esse laudem, quam latissime a suis finibus vacare agros,

    to be uninhabited, uncultivated, Caes. B. G. 4, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 1, 28; Quint. 8, 6, 18; 9, 4, 118; 10, 3, 33:

    ostia septem Pulverulenta vacant, septem sine flumine valles,

    Ov. M. 2, 256:

    odi cum late splendida cera vacat,

    id. Am. 1, 11, 20:

    haec fiunt dum vacat harena,

    Sen. Ep. 7, 4.—
    2.
    With abl. (so most freq.):

    illa natura caelestis et terra vacat et umore,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 65; cf. id. N. D. 2, 24, 64:

    mens vacans corpore,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 25:

    hoste vacare domos,

    Verg. A. 3, 123:

    (domus) quae Igne vacet,

    Ov. M. 2, 764:

    custode vacans,

    id. ib. 2, 422:

    ora vacent epulis,

    i. e. abstain from, id. ib. 15, 478: ea pars oppidi, quae fluminis circuitu vacabat, Auct. B. G. 8, 41. —
    3.
    With ab:

    haec a custodiis classium loca maxime vacabant,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 25.—
    B.
    Transf., to be vacant. free from, without, unoccupied, etc.
    1.
    With abl.:

    ejusmodi (nimiis animi) motibus sermo debet vacare,

    Cic. Off. 1, 38, 136:

    nulla vitae pars vacare officio potest,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 4:

    omni curatione et administratione rerum (dii),

    id. N. D. 1, 1, 2:

    studiis,

    id. de Or. 3, 11, 43:

    curā et negotio,

    id. Leg. 1, 3, 8:

    vitio,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 10:

    culpā,

    id. Fam. 7, 3, 4:

    criminibus,

    Quint. 10, 1, 34:

    febri,

    Cels. 2, 14 med.:

    morbis,

    Dig. 21, 1, 53:

    amplitudo animi pulchrior, si vacet populo,

    keeps free from, remains aloof from, Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 64:

    respublica et milite illic et pecuniā vacet,

    be free from the necessity of furnishing, Liv. 2, 48, 9.—
    2.
    With ab and abl.:

    nullum tempus illi umquam vacabat aut a forensi dictione aut a scribendo,

    Cic. Brut. 78, 272:

    (rex) quicquid a bellis populi Romani vacabat, cum hominibus nostris consuetudines jungebat,

    id. Deiot. 9, 27:

    a publico officio et munere,

    id. Div. 2, 2, 7:

    ab opere (milites),

    Caes. B. C. 3, 76:

    ne quando a metu ac periculis vacarent,

    Liv. 7, 1:

    vacant ab imbecillis valetudinaria,

    Col. 12, 3, 8:

    a culpā,

    Sen. Ep. 97, 1:

    a periculo,

    id. Q. N. 6, 1, 1:

    a negotiis,

    Phaedr. 3 prol.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    To be free from labor, not busied, idle, at leisure; to have leisure or time:

    quamvis occupatus sis, otii tamen plus habes: aut, si ne tu quidem vacas, noli, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13, 1; Quint. 10, 3, 27:

    festus in pratis vacat otioso Cum bove pagus,

    Hor. C. 3, 18, 11:

    si vacabis,

    Cic. Att. 12, 38, 2:

    si forte vacas,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 95.—
    2.
    After the Aug. per. esp. freq.
    a.
    Vacare alicui rei, to be free to attend, apply, or devote one's self to something; to have leisure or time for a thing (cf. studeo):

    philosophiae, Quinte, semper vaco,

    Cic. Div. 1, 6, 10:

    in itinere, quasi solutus ceteris curis, huic uni vacaret,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 15:

    huic uni negotio vacare,

    Vell. 2, 114, 1:

    ille non vacasse sermoni suo regem causatus discessit,

    Curt. 6, 7, 21:

    paulum etiam palaestricis,

    Quint. 1, 11, 15:

    studio operis pulcherrimi,

    id. 12, 1, 4:

    foro,

    id. 10, 1, 114:

    clientium negotiis,

    Tac. A. 16, 22:

    non discendo tantum juri, sed etiam docendo,

    Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    libellis legendis ac rescribendis,

    Suet. Aug. 45:

    queruntur de superiorum fastidio, quod ipsis adire volentibus non vacaverint,

    have no leisure for them, can not attend to them, Sen. Brev. Vit. 2, 5.—Rarely absol.:

    dum perago tecum pauca sed apta, vaca,

    Ov. Am. 2, 2, 2.—
    b.
    Vacare ad aliquid:

    non vaco ad istas ineptias,

    Sen. Ep. 49, 9; cf. ( poet.):

    in grande opus,

    Ov. P. 3, 3, 36; also, with inf.:

    sternere acies,

    Stat. Th. 8, 185.—
    c.
    Vacat (alicui), impers., there is time, room, or leisure for a thing ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
    (α).
    With inf. (so most freq.): si primā repetens ab origine pergam Et vacet annales nostrorum audire laborum, Verg. A. 1, 373:

    tunc et elegiam vacabit in manus sumere,

    Quint. 10, 1, 58:

    non vacabit incohare haec studia,

    id. 1, 12, 12: hactenus indulsisse vacat, it is permitted, i. q. licet, Verg. A. 10, 625 Heyne; imitated by Sil. 17, 374.—
    (β).
    With dat., I ( thou, he, etc.) have leisure or time for a thing:

    nobis venari nec vacat nec libet,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 16, 1:

    non vacat exiguis rebus adesse Jovi,

    Ov. Tr. 2, 216:

    nec nostris praebere vacet tibi cantibus aures,

    id. M. 5, 334:

    obstat enim diligentiae scribendi etiam fatigatio et abunde, si vacet, lucis spatia sufficiunt,

    Quint. 10, 3, 27:

    cui esse diserto vacet,

    id. 11, 1, 50:

    quo magis te, cui vacat, hortor, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 11; 8, 15, 1; Curt. 10, 10, 12; Vell. 1, 15, 1; 2, 124, 1.— Absol.:

    teneri properentur amores, Dum vacat,

    Ov. Am. 3, 1, 70:

    si vacat,

    Juv. 1, 21. —
    B.
    Of possessions, lands, etc., to be unoccupied, vacant, ownerless:

    cum agri Ligustini... aliquantum vacaret, senatūs consultum est factum, ut is ager viritim divideretur,

    Liv. 42, 4, 3:

    fundi possessionem nancisci, quae ex neglegentiā domini vacat,

    Dig. 41, 3, 37:

    si nemo sit, bona vacabunt,

    ib. 38, 7, 2 fin.
    2.
    Esp., of offices, relations, positions, employments, etc., to be vacant, without incumbent, etc.:

    si Piso adesset, nullius philosophiae vacaret locus,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 7, 16: quid enim nostrā victum esse Antonium, si victus est, ut alii vacaret, quod ille obtinuit? may stand open, Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 17, 6:

    rogo ut Suram praeturā exornare digneris, cuia locus vacet,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 12 (7), 1:

    rogo dignitati... vel auguratum vel septemviratum, quia vacant, adicere digneris,

    id. ib. 10, 13 (8).— Hence, văcans, antis, P. a.
    A.
    Empty, unoccupied, without an owner, vacant:

    locus,

    Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 16, 8:

    metaphora... vacantem locum occupare debet,

    Quint. 8, 6, 18:

    regnum,

    Just. 42, 4, 2; 25, 2, 4; 27, 3, 1:

    saltus,

    Verg. G. 3, 477:

    balneae,

    Tac. H. 3, 11:

    bona,

    Dig. 30, 1, 93; 30, 1, 111.— Subst.: văcantia, ĭum, n., vacant estates, property without an owner:

    ut, si a privilegiis parentum cessaretur, velut parens omnium populus vacantia teneret,

    Tac. A. 3, 28.—
    B.
    Of women, single, unmarried, without a husband:

    qui vacantem mulierem rapuit vel nuptam,

    Dig. 48, 6, 5; Quint. Decl. 262 (cf. vacua, Ov. H. 20, 149).—
    C.
    Of persons, at leisure, unoccupied, idle:

    nec petiit animum vacantem,

    Ov. M. 9, 612.— Subst.: văcantĭa, ĭum, n., that which is superfluous, useless (post-class.):

    vacantia ex quāque re ac non necessariā auferre et excidere,

    Gell. 6, 5, 6.—Hence, adv.: vă-canter, superfluously, Gell. 17, 10, 16.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vacantia

  • 17 vaco

    văco, āvi, ātum, 1 ( perf. vacui, Tert. Pall. 4; id. Pud. 8 fin.; id. adv. Val. 9), v. n. [etym. dub.], to be empty, void, or vacant; to be void of, or without; not to contain (class.; cf.: careo, egeo).
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    Lit., of space, etc.
    1.
    Absol.:

    quācumque vacat spatium, quod inane vocamus,

    Lucr. 1, 507; so,

    spatium,

    id. 2, 1053; 6, 1029:

    inane,

    id. 1, 520:

    villa ita completa militibus est, ut vix triclinium... vacaret,

    Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1:

    tota domus superior vacat,

    id. ib. 13, 12, 10:

    aedes,

    Plaut. Cas. 3, 1, 7:

    maximam putant esse laudem, quam latissime a suis finibus vacare agros,

    to be uninhabited, uncultivated, Caes. B. G. 4, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 1, 28; Quint. 8, 6, 18; 9, 4, 118; 10, 3, 33:

    ostia septem Pulverulenta vacant, septem sine flumine valles,

    Ov. M. 2, 256:

    odi cum late splendida cera vacat,

    id. Am. 1, 11, 20:

    haec fiunt dum vacat harena,

    Sen. Ep. 7, 4.—
    2.
    With abl. (so most freq.):

    illa natura caelestis et terra vacat et umore,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 65; cf. id. N. D. 2, 24, 64:

    mens vacans corpore,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 25:

    hoste vacare domos,

    Verg. A. 3, 123:

    (domus) quae Igne vacet,

    Ov. M. 2, 764:

    custode vacans,

    id. ib. 2, 422:

    ora vacent epulis,

    i. e. abstain from, id. ib. 15, 478: ea pars oppidi, quae fluminis circuitu vacabat, Auct. B. G. 8, 41. —
    3.
    With ab:

    haec a custodiis classium loca maxime vacabant,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 25.—
    B.
    Transf., to be vacant. free from, without, unoccupied, etc.
    1.
    With abl.:

    ejusmodi (nimiis animi) motibus sermo debet vacare,

    Cic. Off. 1, 38, 136:

    nulla vitae pars vacare officio potest,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 4:

    omni curatione et administratione rerum (dii),

    id. N. D. 1, 1, 2:

    studiis,

    id. de Or. 3, 11, 43:

    curā et negotio,

    id. Leg. 1, 3, 8:

    vitio,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 10:

    culpā,

    id. Fam. 7, 3, 4:

    criminibus,

    Quint. 10, 1, 34:

    febri,

    Cels. 2, 14 med.:

    morbis,

    Dig. 21, 1, 53:

    amplitudo animi pulchrior, si vacet populo,

    keeps free from, remains aloof from, Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 64:

    respublica et milite illic et pecuniā vacet,

    be free from the necessity of furnishing, Liv. 2, 48, 9.—
    2.
    With ab and abl.:

    nullum tempus illi umquam vacabat aut a forensi dictione aut a scribendo,

    Cic. Brut. 78, 272:

    (rex) quicquid a bellis populi Romani vacabat, cum hominibus nostris consuetudines jungebat,

    id. Deiot. 9, 27:

    a publico officio et munere,

    id. Div. 2, 2, 7:

    ab opere (milites),

    Caes. B. C. 3, 76:

    ne quando a metu ac periculis vacarent,

    Liv. 7, 1:

    vacant ab imbecillis valetudinaria,

    Col. 12, 3, 8:

    a culpā,

    Sen. Ep. 97, 1:

    a periculo,

    id. Q. N. 6, 1, 1:

    a negotiis,

    Phaedr. 3 prol.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    To be free from labor, not busied, idle, at leisure; to have leisure or time:

    quamvis occupatus sis, otii tamen plus habes: aut, si ne tu quidem vacas, noli, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13, 1; Quint. 10, 3, 27:

    festus in pratis vacat otioso Cum bove pagus,

    Hor. C. 3, 18, 11:

    si vacabis,

    Cic. Att. 12, 38, 2:

    si forte vacas,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 95.—
    2.
    After the Aug. per. esp. freq.
    a.
    Vacare alicui rei, to be free to attend, apply, or devote one's self to something; to have leisure or time for a thing (cf. studeo):

    philosophiae, Quinte, semper vaco,

    Cic. Div. 1, 6, 10:

    in itinere, quasi solutus ceteris curis, huic uni vacaret,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 15:

    huic uni negotio vacare,

    Vell. 2, 114, 1:

    ille non vacasse sermoni suo regem causatus discessit,

    Curt. 6, 7, 21:

    paulum etiam palaestricis,

    Quint. 1, 11, 15:

    studio operis pulcherrimi,

    id. 12, 1, 4:

    foro,

    id. 10, 1, 114:

    clientium negotiis,

    Tac. A. 16, 22:

    non discendo tantum juri, sed etiam docendo,

    Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    libellis legendis ac rescribendis,

    Suet. Aug. 45:

    queruntur de superiorum fastidio, quod ipsis adire volentibus non vacaverint,

    have no leisure for them, can not attend to them, Sen. Brev. Vit. 2, 5.—Rarely absol.:

    dum perago tecum pauca sed apta, vaca,

    Ov. Am. 2, 2, 2.—
    b.
    Vacare ad aliquid:

    non vaco ad istas ineptias,

    Sen. Ep. 49, 9; cf. ( poet.):

    in grande opus,

    Ov. P. 3, 3, 36; also, with inf.:

    sternere acies,

    Stat. Th. 8, 185.—
    c.
    Vacat (alicui), impers., there is time, room, or leisure for a thing ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
    (α).
    With inf. (so most freq.): si primā repetens ab origine pergam Et vacet annales nostrorum audire laborum, Verg. A. 1, 373:

    tunc et elegiam vacabit in manus sumere,

    Quint. 10, 1, 58:

    non vacabit incohare haec studia,

    id. 1, 12, 12: hactenus indulsisse vacat, it is permitted, i. q. licet, Verg. A. 10, 625 Heyne; imitated by Sil. 17, 374.—
    (β).
    With dat., I ( thou, he, etc.) have leisure or time for a thing:

    nobis venari nec vacat nec libet,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 16, 1:

    non vacat exiguis rebus adesse Jovi,

    Ov. Tr. 2, 216:

    nec nostris praebere vacet tibi cantibus aures,

    id. M. 5, 334:

    obstat enim diligentiae scribendi etiam fatigatio et abunde, si vacet, lucis spatia sufficiunt,

    Quint. 10, 3, 27:

    cui esse diserto vacet,

    id. 11, 1, 50:

    quo magis te, cui vacat, hortor, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 11; 8, 15, 1; Curt. 10, 10, 12; Vell. 1, 15, 1; 2, 124, 1.— Absol.:

    teneri properentur amores, Dum vacat,

    Ov. Am. 3, 1, 70:

    si vacat,

    Juv. 1, 21. —
    B.
    Of possessions, lands, etc., to be unoccupied, vacant, ownerless:

    cum agri Ligustini... aliquantum vacaret, senatūs consultum est factum, ut is ager viritim divideretur,

    Liv. 42, 4, 3:

    fundi possessionem nancisci, quae ex neglegentiā domini vacat,

    Dig. 41, 3, 37:

    si nemo sit, bona vacabunt,

    ib. 38, 7, 2 fin.
    2.
    Esp., of offices, relations, positions, employments, etc., to be vacant, without incumbent, etc.:

    si Piso adesset, nullius philosophiae vacaret locus,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 7, 16: quid enim nostrā victum esse Antonium, si victus est, ut alii vacaret, quod ille obtinuit? may stand open, Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 17, 6:

    rogo ut Suram praeturā exornare digneris, cuia locus vacet,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 12 (7), 1:

    rogo dignitati... vel auguratum vel septemviratum, quia vacant, adicere digneris,

    id. ib. 10, 13 (8).— Hence, văcans, antis, P. a.
    A.
    Empty, unoccupied, without an owner, vacant:

    locus,

    Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 16, 8:

    metaphora... vacantem locum occupare debet,

    Quint. 8, 6, 18:

    regnum,

    Just. 42, 4, 2; 25, 2, 4; 27, 3, 1:

    saltus,

    Verg. G. 3, 477:

    balneae,

    Tac. H. 3, 11:

    bona,

    Dig. 30, 1, 93; 30, 1, 111.— Subst.: văcantia, ĭum, n., vacant estates, property without an owner:

    ut, si a privilegiis parentum cessaretur, velut parens omnium populus vacantia teneret,

    Tac. A. 3, 28.—
    B.
    Of women, single, unmarried, without a husband:

    qui vacantem mulierem rapuit vel nuptam,

    Dig. 48, 6, 5; Quint. Decl. 262 (cf. vacua, Ov. H. 20, 149).—
    C.
    Of persons, at leisure, unoccupied, idle:

    nec petiit animum vacantem,

    Ov. M. 9, 612.— Subst.: văcantĭa, ĭum, n., that which is superfluous, useless (post-class.):

    vacantia ex quāque re ac non necessariā auferre et excidere,

    Gell. 6, 5, 6.—Hence, adv.: vă-canter, superfluously, Gell. 17, 10, 16.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vaco

  • 18 bellum

        bellum old and poet. duellum, ī, n    [DVA-, DVI-], war. — Form duellum: agere rem duelli, C. (lex): purum piumque, L. (old record): victoria duelli, L. (oracle): Pacem duello miscuit, H. — Form bellum: Germanicum, against the Germans, Cs.: Sabinum, L.: regium, against kings: civile, Cs.: Helvetiorum, against the H., Cs.: Pyrrhi: cum Iugurthā: cum Samnitibus, L.: adversus Vestinos, L.: contra patriam: in Peloponnesios gerere, N.: in Asia gerere: gerere apud Mutinam, N.: civitati bellum indicere: patriae facere: parare, L.: parare alcui, against, N.: decernere alicui: indicere, L.: facere alicui: sumere, to undertake, S.: facere atque instruere, carry on: difficultates belli gerendi, Cs.: Hannibale duce gerere, L.: trahere, to protract, L.: bellum non inferre, sed defendere, not aggressive but defensive, Cs.: deponere, to discontinue, S.: velut posito bello, L.: positis bellis, V.: componere, to end by treaty, S.: sedare, N.: conficere, to end successfully: finire, to terminate, L.: futura bella delere, make impossible: legere, to read about: consentire, to ratify a declaration of war, L.: ad privatum deferre, to give the command in: mandare alcui, L.: alcui bellum gerendum dare: bello imperatorem praeficere: alqm ad bellum mittere: ad bellum proficisci: bellum in Galliā coortum est, broke out, Cs.: exortum, L.: spargi bellum nequibat, be waged by detachments, Ta. — In expressions of time, manner, etc.—Belli ( loc. case), in war, during war: magnae res belli gerebantur; usu. with domi: belli domique, S.: vel belli vel domi: in bello, in war-time, L.: in civili bello: in Volsco bello, L.: bello Romanorum: res bello gestae, during war, L.: res pace belloque gestae, L.: princeps pace belloque, L.: bello d<*>ique, L.: omnibus Punicis bellis: victor tot intra paucos dies bellis, L.: mos inter bellum natus, L.: iustum, righteous, L.; also, regular warfare (opp. populabundi more), L.: belli eventus, the result: belli exitus: bella incerti exitūs, indecisive, L.: fortuna belli, the chances of war, L.: varia, L.: belli artes, military skill, L.: iura belli, the law of war: genus belli, the character of the war. — Meton., of animals or things, war: parietibus bellum inferre: philosophiae... bellum indicere: ventri Indico bellum, H.: miluo est bellum cum corvo.—A feud, private hostility: cum eo bellum gerere quicum vixeris: hoc tibi iuventus Romana indicimus bellum, L.—Personified (for Ianus): sunt geminae Belli portae, etc., V.: Belli postes portasque, H.— Plur, an army: Nereus Bella non transfert, O. — Battle: bello excedere, S.: laus eius belli, L.: Actia bella, V. — A history of a war: gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius.
    * * *
    war, warfare; battle, combat, fight; (at/in) (the) war(s); military force, arms

    Latin-English dictionary > bellum

  • 19 complector or conplector

        complector or conplector plexus, ī, dep.    [PARC-, PLEC-], to clasp, embrace, grasp: mulierem, T.: patrem: nepotes, V.: dextram euntis, V.: pedes, V.: membra lacertis, O.: inter nos: inter se, L.: Te comitem, V. — To grasp, clasp, seize, encircle, surround, compass, enclose: (vitis) claviculis quicquid est nacta complectitur: amaracus illum Floribus conplectitur, V.: spatium, to include (in fortifications), Cs.: Ruris quantum aratro Conplecti posses, i. e. plough around, O.: quoad stans complecti posset, grapple, N.: dextrā hostem, V.—Fig., of sleep, to seize upon, enfold: sopor complectitur artūs, V.: me somnus.—To grasp mentally, comprehend, understand: animum cogitatione: alqd: animo: cum conplector animo, reperio, etc.: genus iudiciorum: formam animi, to consider, Ta. — To comprise, express, describe, represent, explain, include, sum up, comprehend: facta oratione: hoc uno complector omnia: causas ipsā sententiā, sum up in the motion itself.— Poet.: est talīs complexa preces, summed up her wishes in, O. — In philos., to draw a conclusion, make an inference, C.—To embrace, value, honor, care for: eum beneficio: te benevolentiā: caritate civīs, L.: cunctam rem p. res tuae gestae complexae sunt, have extended to.—To embrace, include: omnīs omnium caritates patria una complexa est: quo uno maleficio scelera omnia complexa esse videantur.—To seize, lay hold of, take possession of: (philosophiae) vis cum est idoneam complexa naturam.

    Latin-English dictionary > complector or conplector

  • 20 corrēctiō (conr-)

        corrēctiō (conr-) ōnis, f    [corrigo], an amendment, improvement, correction: philosophiae: correctione gaudere. — In rhet., a restatement, repetition in better language.

    Latin-English dictionary > corrēctiō (conr-)

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